Ante-mortem and Post-mortem Inspection and Relationship between Findings in a North Albanian Pig Slaughterhouse
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Results
3.2. Relationship between Ante- and Post-mortem Lesions
4. Discussion
4.1. Ante-mortem Findings
4.2. Post-mortem Findings
4.3. Relationship between Ante- and Post-mortem Lesions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition/Lesion | Description | AM/PM * |
---|---|---|
Dyspnea | Wheezing breathing. | AM |
Skin lesions | Bruises or injuries on several parts of the body. | AM |
Tail lesions | Fresh blood, inflammation, infection, or missing tail tissue. | AM |
Ear lesions | Bruises, wounds, missing ear parts, or ear necrosis. | AM |
Lameness | Severely lame pigs. | AM |
Hematoma | Blood in various parts of the body. | AM/PM |
Erysipelas | Diamond-shaped skin lesions. | AM |
Abscess | All abscesses, excluding lung and liver abscesses. | AM/PM |
Hernia | Umbilical or inguinal hernia. | AM/PM |
Cachexia | Poor body condition score. | AM |
Anemia | Pale mucosae. | AM |
Dead-on-arrival | Dead pigs on arrival. | AM |
Dead in box | Dead pigs in pens. | AM |
Pneumonia | Pneumonia and the outcomes of pneumonia, including lung abscesses. | PM |
Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleura with the presence of adherence or fibrine. | PM |
Pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium with the presence of fibrine. | PM |
Jaundice | Generalized jaundice. | PM |
Splenomegaly | More than 50% of the organs affected. | PM |
Arthritis | Inflammation of one or more joints. | PM |
Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum. | PM |
White spot liver | Milk spot lesions in the cortex of the liver. | PM |
Insufficient bleeding | Presence of blood in the muscle. | PM |
Liver alterations | Hepatitis and outcomes of hepatitis, steatosis, and liver necrosis. | PM |
Enteritis | Intestine thickening with or without hemorrhages or necrosis. | PM |
Generalized lymphadenitis | Increased volume of lymph nodes. | PM |
Condition/Lesion | No. of Positive Batches | % of Positive Batches | Within-Batch Prevalence (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 95% CI * | Range (Min-Max) | |||
Tail lesions | 35 | 100.0 | 9.1 | 8.1–10.0 | 3.0–15.0 |
Dyspnea | 35 | 100.0 | 9.1 | 8.1–10.1 | 5.5–15.0 |
Skin lesions | 35 | 100.0 | 8.9 | 8.1–9.6 | 4.0–11.7 |
Ear lesions | 35 | 100.0 | 8.5 | 7.4–9.6 | 2.0–14.0 |
Hematoma | 34 | 97.1 | 3.1 | 2.6–3.6 | 0.0–6.0 |
Abscess | 25 | 71.4 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.6 | 0.0–4.0 |
Erysipelas | 9 | 25.7 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.2 | 0.0–4.0 |
Anemia | 24 | 68.6 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.0–3.0 |
Cachexia | 22 | 62.9 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.1 | 0.0–3.3 |
Lameness | 26 | 74.3 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.0–3.0 |
Hernia | 23 | 65.7 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.4 | 0.0–4.0 |
Dead-on-arrival | 10 | 28.6 | 0.5 | 0.2–0.8 | 0.0–4.0 |
Dead in box | 6 | 17.1 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.2 | 0.0–0.9 |
Lesion | No. of Positive Batches | % of Positive Batches | Within-Batch Prevalence (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 95% CI * | Range (Min-Max) | |||
Pleuritis | 34 | 97.1 | 10.2 | 8.8–11.6 | 0.0–17.0 |
Pneumonia | 35 | 100.0 | 8.5 | 7.6–9.5 | 4.0–15.0 |
Liver alterations | 35 | 100.0 | 5.7 | 4.9–6.4 | 1.0–8.0 |
White spot liver | 26 | 74.3 | 3.8 | 2.9–4.7 | 0.0–8.0 |
Pericarditis | 32 | 91.4 | 3.3 | 2.5–4.0 | 0.0–7.0 |
Hematoma | 34 | 97.1 | 3.1 | 2.6–3.6 | 0.0–6.0 |
Splenomegaly | 3 | 8.6 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 0.0–2.0 |
Hernia | 23 | 65.7 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.4 | 0.0–4.0 |
Abscess | 11 | 31.4 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.1 | 0.0–4.0 |
Arthritis | 17 | 48.6 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | 0.0–2.0 |
Jaundice | 12 | 34.3 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.7 | 0.0–2.0 |
Enteritis | 9 | 25.7 | 0.3 | 0.1–0.5 | 0.0–2.0 |
Insufficient bleeding | 6 | 17.1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.3 | 0.0–1.0 |
Peritonitis | 3 | 8.6 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.2 | 0.0–1.0 |
Generalized lymphadenitis | 0 | - | - | - | - |
PM * Lesion | AM * Condition/Lesion | OR ** | 95% Wald Confidence Interval for OR ** | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Pneumonia | Dyspnea | 1.049 | 1.019 | 1.081 | 0.001 |
Skin lesions | 1.010 | 0.969 | 1.053 | 0.637 | |
Tail lesion | 1.019 | 0.996 | 1.042 | 0.104 | |
Ear lesions | 1.019 | 0.993 | 1.047 | 0.159 | |
Pleuritis | Dyspnea | 1.021 | 0.992 | 1.051 | 0.157 |
Skin lesions | 1.042 | 1.002 | 1.084 | 0.038 | |
Tail lesions | 1.002 | 0.980 | 1.024 | 0.869 | |
Ear lesions | 1.051 | 1.026 | 1.077 | <0.001 | |
Pericarditis | Dyspnea | 1.056 | 1.005 | 1.109 | 0.031 |
Skin lesions | 1.011 | 0.943 | 1.084 | 0.755 | |
Tail lesions | 1.012 | 0.974 | 1.052 | 0.551 | |
Ear lesions | 1.058 | 1.012 | 1.106 | 0.013 | |
Splenomegaly | Dyspnea | 1.008 | 0.962 | 1.056 | 0.752 |
Skin lesions | 1.013 | 0.953 | 1.077 | 0.681 | |
Tail lesions | 0.988 | 0.954 | 1.024 | 0.514 | |
Ear lesions | 1.033 | 0.993 | 1.075 | 0.104 | |
White spot liver | Dyspnea | 0.993 | 0.946 | 1.043 | 0.784 |
Skin lesions | 1.101 | 1.031 | 1.174 | 0.004 | |
Tail lesions | 1.026 | 0.992 | 1.061 | 0.136 | |
Ear lesions | 1.063 | 1.022 | 1.106 | 0.002 | |
Liver alterations | Dyspnea | 0.968 | 0.928 | 1.010 | 0.134 |
Skin lesions | 0.985 | 0.936 | 1.037 | 0.576 | |
Tail lesions | 0.963 | 0.933 | 0.995 | 0.022 | |
Ear lesions | 0.988 | 0.955 | 1.023 | 0.504 |
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Andoni, E.; Cocoli, S.; Miraglia, D.; Balzaretti, C.M.; Brecchia, G.; Bijo, B.; Menchetti, L.; Musa, L.; Curone, G.; Agradi, S.; et al. Ante-mortem and Post-mortem Inspection and Relationship between Findings in a North Albanian Pig Slaughterhouse. Animals 2023, 13, 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061032
Andoni E, Cocoli S, Miraglia D, Balzaretti CM, Brecchia G, Bijo B, Menchetti L, Musa L, Curone G, Agradi S, et al. Ante-mortem and Post-mortem Inspection and Relationship between Findings in a North Albanian Pig Slaughterhouse. Animals. 2023; 13(6):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061032
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndoni, Egon, Sonila Cocoli, Dino Miraglia, Claudia M. Balzaretti, Gabriele Brecchia, Bizena Bijo, Laura Menchetti, Laura Musa, Giulio Curone, Stella Agradi, and et al. 2023. "Ante-mortem and Post-mortem Inspection and Relationship between Findings in a North Albanian Pig Slaughterhouse" Animals 13, no. 6: 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061032