A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol Description
- General information (i.e., dog identification, information on dog’s responsible person, Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates);
- Signalling (i.e., sex, size, age, medical history, social condition);
- Welfare measures at individual level (ABMs);
- Available resources and management (MBMs and RBMs) (i.e., presence of shelters, bedding materials, food and water points, feeding regime, presence of garbage nearby); and
- Living environment (e.g., countryside, settlement) and location features (e.g., garden/field, bushes, parking lot, road/sidewalk).
2.2. Information on Implementation of TNR Programme
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. TNR Programme Implementation in Italy
3.2. Welfare Assessment: Descriptive Analysis
3.3. Welfare Assessment: Reliability of Measures
3.3.1. Inter-Observer Reliability
3.3.2. Test–Retest Reliability
3.4. Welfare Assessment: Welfare Score
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Qualitative Variables | Definition | Type | Score |
---|---|---|---|
Affiliative and/or playing behaviours | Any form of intraspecific positive behaviours (e.g., allo-grooming, touching, play bow) | CatV | Y-N |
Agonistic behaviours | Any form of intraspecific behaviour relating to aggression or fear (e.g., raised hackles, submissive body posture, teeth baring, growling, biting, physical aggression) | CatV | Y-N |
Body Condition | Nutritional status of dog (body condition score) | CatV | Adequate Too thin Too fat |
Coat condition | Shiny/clean coat or dull/dirty/ruffed coat | CatV | Adequate Inadequate |
Evidence of pain | Protecting or recumbent position, apathy, lethargy, non-reactive to stimuli | CatV | Y-N |
Lameness | Evidence of lameness due to foot wounds or other painful disease or amputation. | CatV | Y-N |
Other clinical problem | Evidence of nasal/ocular/vaginal discharge, oral/ear lesion, neurologic symptoms, or any other clinical problems. | CatV | Y-N |
Reaction to unfamiliar people | Aggressive, fear or neutral/social reaction vs. unfamiliar people (assessors) | CatV | Sociable Only fear Offensive/defensive aggression |
Signs of diarrhoea | Direct observation of liquid manner emission or soiling of the perineum | CatV | Y-N |
Signs of thermal discomfort | Evidence of polypnea, trembling, shivering huddling | CatV | Y-N |
Skin problems | Evidence of wounds, hair loss areas, inflammation areas, dermatitis, ectoparasites, swellings | CatV | Y-N |
Region | Macroregion | Statute | DPC Approach | Region | Macroregion | Statute | DPC Approach |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abruzzi | Centre | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme | Molise | South | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme |
Basilicata | South | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme | Piedmont | North-West | Ordinary | Shelter |
Calabria | South | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme | Apulia | South | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme |
Campania | South | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme | Sardinia | Island | Autonomous | Shelter + TNR programme |
Emilia-Romagna | North-East | Ordinary | Shelter | Sicily | Island | Autonomous | Shelter + TNR programme |
Friuli-Venezia Giulia | North-East | Autonomous | Shelter | Trentino-Alto Adige | North-East | Autonomous | Shelter |
Lazio | Centre | Ordinary | Shelter + TNR programme | Tuscany | Centre | Ordinary | Shelter |
Liguria | North-West | Ordinary | Shelter | Umbria | Centre | Ordinary | Shelter |
Lombardy | North-West | Ordinary | Shelter | Valle d’Aosta | North-West | Autonomous | Shelter |
Marche | Centre | Ordinary | Shelter | Veneto | North-East | Ordinary | Shelter |
ABMs Animal-Based Measures | |
---|---|
BCS | |
Adequate | 68% |
Too heavy | 4% |
Too thin | 24% |
NA | 4% |
Coat condition | |
Adequate | 81% |
Inadequate | 17% |
NA | 2% |
Skin problems | |
Absent | 70% |
Present | 20% |
NA | 10% |
Signs of other clinical problems | |
Absent | 82% |
Present | 12% |
NA | 6% |
Lameness | |
Absent | 73% |
Present | 11% |
NA | 16% |
Signs of diarrhoea | |
Absent | 81% |
Present | 0% |
NA | 19% |
Evidence of pain | |
Absent | 96% |
Present | 2% |
NA | 2% |
Thermal discomfort | |
Absent | 94% |
Present | 4% |
NA | 2% |
Coughing | |
Absent | 98% |
Present | 0% |
NA | 2% |
Reaction to unfamiliar people | |
No signs of fear or aggression (sociable/neutral) | 82% |
Only fear | 14% |
Aggressive (offensive and defensive aggression) | 4% |
Affiliative behaviours | |
Absent | 58% |
Present | 8% |
NA | 34% |
Agonistic behaviours | |
Absent | 66% |
Present | 0% |
NA | 34% |
Qualitative Variable | Cohen’s Kappa Value |
---|---|
Other clinical problems | 0.91 a |
Body Condition Score | 1 a |
Affiliative behaviours | 1 a |
Coat conditions | 0.93 a |
Skin problems | 0.78 a |
Fear/aggression test to unfamiliar people | 0.95 a |
Signs of diarrhoea | 1 a |
Signs of thermal discomfort | 0.66 a |
Evidence of pain | 1 a |
Lameness | 0.89 a |
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Berteselli, G.V.; Rapagnà, C.; Salini, R.; Badagliacca, P.; Bellucci, F.; Iannino, F.; Dalla Villa, P. A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes. Animals 2021, 11, 3107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113107
Berteselli GV, Rapagnà C, Salini R, Badagliacca P, Bellucci F, Iannino F, Dalla Villa P. A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113107
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerteselli, Greta Veronica, Cristina Rapagnà, Romolo Salini, Pietro Badagliacca, Fabio Bellucci, Filomena Iannino, and Paolo Dalla Villa. 2021. "A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes" Animals 11, no. 11: 3107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113107