Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Composting Material
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Determination of the Composted Mass Parameters
2.4. Heat Release
2.5. Profiling of Prokaryotic and Fungal Communities Based on 16S rRNA GENE and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
2.6. Statistical Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Primary Composting Parameters
3.1.1. Temperature Regime and Thermal Energy
3.1.2. Gaseous Emissions
3.1.3. Physicochemical Substrate Parameters
3.1.4. Stability Indicators
3.2. Microbial Community Composition
3.2.1. Fungal Community
3.2.2. Prokaryotic Community
3.2.3. Potential Abilities of the Prokaryotic Community
3.3. Microbial Biodiversity
3.4. Relationship between Physicochemical Processes and Microbial Dynamics
4. Discussion
4.1. Microbial Processes during the Substrate Preparation and Heating
4.2. Microbial Processes in the High-Temperature Stage
4.3. Microbial Processes at the Cooling and Maturation Stage
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Units | Value * | Optimal Limits |
---|---|---|---|
pH | pH units | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 6.5–8.0 [22] |
Electrical conductivity (EC) | µS cm−1 | 1670 ± 124 | |
Water content | % | 60.26 ± 3.01 | 50–60% [22] 40–50% [23] |
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (N) | % | 1.57 ± 0.16 | |
NH4+ | mg kg−1 | 653 ± 31 | |
NO3− | mg kg−1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
Organic matter (OM) | % | 64.81 ± 5.83 | |
Total organic carbon (C) | % | 36.0 ± 3.2 | |
C/N | 22.9 ± 1.4 | 25–30 [11,22,23] | |
Germination index (GI) | % | 69.5 ± 5.6 |
Sample, Days | Number of OTUs | Chao1 | Shannon Index (Path) |
---|---|---|---|
Prokaryotes | |||
0 | 1166 | 3944 | 3.07 |
7 | 1324 | 4289 | 2.52 |
14 | 1193 | 5143 | 2.70 |
21 | 1461 | 5221 | 2.85 |
28 | 1146 | 3486 | 3.05 |
56 | 1368 | 5700 | 3.38 |
98 | 1781 | 7724 | 4.13 |
Fungi | |||
0 | 215 | 266 | 3.15 |
7 | 351 | 398 | 4.95 |
14 | 145 | 218 | 1.88 |
21 | 96 | 176 | 0.28 |
28 | 39 | 95 | 0.12 |
56 | 75 | 125 | 0.63 |
98 | 82 | 151 | 1.67 |
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Mironov, V.; Vanteeva, A.; Sokolova, D.; Merkel, A.; Nikolaev, Y. Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091877
Mironov V, Vanteeva A, Sokolova D, Merkel A, Nikolaev Y. Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091877
Chicago/Turabian StyleMironov, Vladimir, Anna Vanteeva, Diyana Sokolova, Alexander Merkel, and Yury Nikolaev. 2021. "Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091877