Translocation and Dissemination of Gut Bacteria after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mice and Modeling
2.1.1. Mice and Housing
2.1.2. Animal Model
2.1.3. Sample Collection
2.2. Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Detection
2.2.1. Cleaved Caspase-3 and Lysozyme Assay by Western Blot
2.2.2. mLyz1 and mDefa6 Assay by Quantitative RT-PCR
2.2.3. Small Intestinal Immunohistochemistry
2.2.4. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining
2.2.5. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Assay
2.2.6. Plasma Markers of Bacterial Translocation
2.3. The 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing and Bioinformatics
2.4. Statistical Analysis Methods
3. Results
3.1. sTBI Alters the Lung Microbial Structure
3.2. sTBI Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
3.3. Lung Injury and Bacterial Translocation in Mice after sTBI
3.4. Paneth Cells Control of Gut Microbiota and Post-sTBI Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, W.; Yuan, Q.; Li, Z.; Du, Z.; Wu, G.; Yu, J.; Hu, J. Translocation and Dissemination of Gut Bacteria after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102082
Yang W, Yuan Q, Li Z, Du Z, Wu G, Yu J, Hu J. Translocation and Dissemination of Gut Bacteria after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102082
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Weijian, Qiang Yuan, Zhiqi Li, Zhuoying Du, Gang Wu, Jian Yu, and Jin Hu. 2022. "Translocation and Dissemination of Gut Bacteria after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102082