Differential Spreading of Microsatellites in Holocentric Chromosomes of Chagas Disease Vectors: Genomic and Evolutionary Implications
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Slide Preparation and C-Banding
2.3. Probes and Labeling, Non-Denaturing (ND)—FISH
2.4. Microscopy and Imaging
3. Results
3.1. Abundance and Chromosomal Distribution of Microsatellites in Triatoma infestans Andean Group
3.2. Abundance and Chromosomal Distribution of GATA Repeats in Triatomine Species
3.3. Abundance and Chromosomal Distribution of AG Repeats in Triatomine Species
3.4. Abundance and Chromosomal Distribution of AC Repeats in Triatomine Species
3.5. Abundance and Chromosomal Distribution of AAG Repeats in Triatomine Species
4. Discussion
4.1. Microsatellite Patterns
4.2. Evolutionary Implications
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Male Diploid Chromosome Number (2n) | Location of Autosomal C-Heterochromatin | (GATA)4 | (AG)10 | (AC)10 | (AAG)5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tribe Triatomini | South Lineage | |||||
Triatoma infestans (Andean group) | 2n = 20A + XY | 7–9 II in 1 or 2 ends [36] | A = 7–9 II H Y = yes X = block | A = 7–9 II H Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
T. infestans (non-Andean group) | 2n = 20A + XY | 2–4 II in 1 or 2 ends [36] | A = 2–4 II H Y = yes X = no | A = 2–4 II H Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
T. delpontei | 2n = 20A + XY | 9–10 II in only one end [37] | A = 9–10 II H Y = yes X = block | A = 9–10 II H Y = block X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = block | A = 10 II Eu + 1 II dot Y = no X = no |
T. patagonica | 2n = 20A + XY | 10 II in 1 or 2 ends [40] | A = 10 II H Y = yes X = block | A = 8–10 II H Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
T. sordida | 2n = 20A + XY | 6–8 II in 1 or 2 ends [41] | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
Tribe Triatomini | Dispar Lineage | |||||
Triatoma boliviana | 2n = 20A + XY | 2–3 II with C-dots [31] | A = 2–3 II dots Y = yes X = no | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | ND |
T. carrioni | 2n = 20A + XY | 2–3 II with C-dots [31] | A = 2–3 II dots Y = yes X = no | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | ND |
Tribe Triatomini | North Lineage | |||||
Triatoma barberi | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II in both ends [31] | A = no Y = yes X1= no X2= yes | A = no Y = yes X1= no X2= yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1= yes X2= no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1= yes X2= no |
T. dimidiata | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II with C-dots in both ends [37] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
T. gerstaeckeri | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | Without C-bands [29] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2= no | ND | ND |
T. nitida | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 2 II almost entirely C-heterochromatic [31] | A = 1 II Eu Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 9 II Eu Y = no X1= no X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu + 1 II dot Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
T.protracta | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II in 1 or 2 ends [37] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2= no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
T. recurva | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | Without C-bands [29] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 1 II dot Y = yes X1/X2 = no | ND | ND |
T. rubida | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | Without C-bands [29] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | ND | ND |
T. rubrofasciata | 2n = 22A + X1X2Y | 11 II in both ends [29] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 11 Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 11 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
T. sanguisuga | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II in 1 or 2 ends [29] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 1 II dot Y = yes X1/X2 = no | ND | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
Paratriatoma lecticularia | 2n = 20A + XY | 10 II in both ends [31] | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
Mepraia spinolai | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II in 1 or 2 ends [29] | A = 10 II H Y = yes X1 = block X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu + 1 II dot Y = no X1/X2= yes |
Panstrongylus chinai | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 10 II in 1 or 2 ends [31] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
P. geniculatus | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 4–6 II in 1 or 2 ends with C-blocks [31] | A = 4–8 II Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = dots |
P. lutzi | 2n = 20A + X1X2X3Y | Without C-bands [29] | A = no Y = yes X1X2X3 = no | A = no Y = yes X1X2X3 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1X2X3 =yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1X2X3 = yes |
P. megistus | 2n = 18A + X1X2Y | Without C-bands [31] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 9 II Eu + 1 II dot Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 9 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
P. noireaui | 2n = 20A + XY | 8–10 II in 1 or 2 ends [42] | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = no Y = yes X = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X = yes |
P. rufotuberculatus | 2n = 20A + X1X2Y | 8–10 II in 1 or 2 ends [31] | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = no Y = yes X1/X2 = no | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes | A = 10 II Eu Y = no X1/X2 = yes |
Tribe Rhodniini | ||||||
Rhodnius prolixus | 2n = 20A + XY | Without C-bands [31] | Without signals | Without signals | Without signals | Without signals |
R. ecuadoriensis | 2n = 20A + XY | Without C-bands [31] | Without signals | Without signals | Without signals | Without signals |
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Panzera, F.; Cuadrado, Á.; Mora, P.; Palomeque, T.; Lorite, P.; Pita, S. Differential Spreading of Microsatellites in Holocentric Chromosomes of Chagas Disease Vectors: Genomic and Evolutionary Implications. Insects 2023, 14, 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14090772
Panzera F, Cuadrado Á, Mora P, Palomeque T, Lorite P, Pita S. Differential Spreading of Microsatellites in Holocentric Chromosomes of Chagas Disease Vectors: Genomic and Evolutionary Implications. Insects. 2023; 14(9):772. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14090772
Chicago/Turabian StylePanzera, Francisco, Ángeles Cuadrado, Pablo Mora, Teresa Palomeque, Pedro Lorite, and Sebastián Pita. 2023. "Differential Spreading of Microsatellites in Holocentric Chromosomes of Chagas Disease Vectors: Genomic and Evolutionary Implications" Insects 14, no. 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14090772