Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Stern Bearing Considering Cavitation and Bending Deformation Effects of the Shaft
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory Modelling
2.1. Characteristics of Journal Bearing
2.2. Bearing Forces
2.3. Attitude Angle
2.4. Film Thickness Considering Bending Deformation of Journal
2.5. Determining the Bending Deformation of Journal
2.6. The Deformation of Bearing
2.7. The Pressure in Cavitation Zone
2.8. Calculation of the Dynamic Coefficients
2.9. Finite Perturbation Method (FPM)
3. Numerical Procedure
- (1)
- Input the parameters of the stern bearing, initial film pressure, asperities contact forces and deformation of bearing. The assumption condition for the shaft center is given, and then the deformation of the shaft under external loads (the concentrated load of the propeller) is calculated;
- (2)
- Calculating the water film shape according to the current journal position through Equation (20) and adding the value of bearing deformation into ;
- (3)
- Obtain the hydrodynamic pressure distribution by implementing the universal cavitation algorithm; Calculate the asperities contact forces;
- (4)
- The trajectory position is acquired by the integral for the balance loads, hydrodynamic pressure and asperity contact force. In addition, the over-relaxation Newton–Raphson method is employed to accelerate convergence;
- (5)
- For the deformation of the shaft under external loads, film pressure and asperity contact force and bearing deformation, the calculation needs to be resolved until they meet the convergence criterion:
- (6)
- In order to determine the bearing force of each perturbation position, step (2)~(5) is recalculated by perturbing the position and velocity of the journal;
- (7)
- According to Equations (38)–(45), the dynamic coefficients are acquired.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Validation
4.2. The Equivalent Stiffness
4.3. The Natural Frequency Analysis
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- For equivalent stiffness, due to the increase in hydrodynamic effect, it is more affected by the speed, especially at low speeds;
- (2)
- For natural frequency, there is a critical speed between 130 rpm and 150 rpm, which makes the natural frequency strike the maximum value because of the comprehensive influencing factors (external loads, tangential forces, large centrifugal forces and gyroscopic moment).
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
IFPM | infinitesimal perturbation method |
FPM | finite perturbation method |
Nomenclature
liquid bulk-modulus | deformation of bearing | ||
liquid density | Young’s modulus of journal | ||
density ratio | Young’s modulus of bearing | ||
film pressure | the elastic modulus for journal material | ||
external load | the bubble point pressure | ||
attitude angle | density of vapor phase | ||
the length of the shaft | density of liquid phase | ||
the angle of journal misalignment | velocity of the sound in the pure vapor | ||
the external force | velocity of the sound in the pure liquid | ||
eccentricity | asperity contact forces | ||
composite Young’s modulus of bearing and journal | cavitation region range | ||
the inertial moment of cross-section of shaft | starting angle of cavitation area | ||
film thickness of water | product of density and velocity in x direction |
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Loading Condition | ||
---|---|---|
Concentrated load P at end | (23) | |
Concentrated load P at point a | (24) |
Item | Value |
---|---|
Radius of Bearing (m) | 0.05 |
Radial Clearance (mm) | 0.1455 |
Ratio of Bearing Length and Bearing Diameter | 1.333 |
Eccentricity ratio | 0.61 |
Angular Velocity (rad/s) | 48.1 |
Lubrication Supply Pressure (Pa) | 0 |
Cavitation Pressure (Pa) | −72,139.79 |
Shaft Segment No. | Middle Shaft | Stern Shaft | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
Length (m) | 2.9 | 3.6 | 1.55 | 3.45 | 2.05 | |
Diameter of shaft (cm) | 39 | 39 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 49.8 | |
Young’s Modulus of shaft(N/m2) | 2.1 × 1011 | |||||
Density of shaft (kg/m3) | 7850 | |||||
Poisson Ratio of shaft | 0.3 | |||||
Bearing material (bearing 1, bearing 2 and bearing 3) | Aluminium alloy PTFE | |||||
Radial clearance(m) | Bearing 1 | 0.6 × 10−3 | ||||
Bearing 2 | 0.6 × 10−3 | |||||
Bearing 3 | 0.4 × 10−3 | |||||
Roughness of shaft (m) | 4.3 × 10−6 | |||||
Roughness of bearing (m) | 4.3 × 10−6 | |||||
Shaft to Bearing contact friction coefficient | 0.1 | |||||
Kinematic viscosity of lubricant (N·s/cm2) | 0.15 × 10−6 | |||||
Ratio of density rp | 2.31 × 10−5 | |||||
Density of the liquid phase of lubricant (kg/m3) | 890 | |||||
Sound velocity of the sound in the pure vapor (m/s) | 343 | |||||
Sound velocity of the sound in the pure liquid (m/s) | 1450 |
Frequency Ratios | Natural Frequency (r/min) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Results by Ref. [34] | Different Operating Speed Considering Lubrication | ||||
90 rpm | 110 rpm | 130 rpm | 150 rpm | ||
h = 1 | 1022.59 | 950.33 | 963.22 | 969.23 | 969.15 |
h = 1/4 | 890.87 | 845.36 | 853.69 | 857.46 | 857.15 |
h = 0 | 849.89 | 811.17 | 818.31 | 821.55 | 821.29 |
h = −1/4 | 811.84 | 778.66 | 784.84 | 787.64 | 787.46 |
h = −1 | 709.71 | 693.80 | 698.07 | 700.05 | 700.12 |
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He, T.; Xie, Z.; Ke, Z.; Dai, L.; Liu, Y.; Ma, C.; Jiao, J. Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Stern Bearing Considering Cavitation and Bending Deformation Effects of the Shaft. Lubricants 2022, 10, 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100242
He T, Xie Z, Ke Z, Dai L, Liu Y, Ma C, Jiao J. Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Stern Bearing Considering Cavitation and Bending Deformation Effects of the Shaft. Lubricants. 2022; 10(10):242. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100242
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Tao, Zhongliang Xie, Zhiwu Ke, Lu Dai, Yong Liu, Can Ma, and Jian Jiao. 2022. "Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Stern Bearing Considering Cavitation and Bending Deformation Effects of the Shaft" Lubricants 10, no. 10: 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100242