Simulating Littoral Trade: Modeling the Trade of Wine in the Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Southern France
Abstract
:Niketas then asked for some wine and poured a cup for Baudolino. “See if you like this. It’s a resinous wine that many Latins find disgusting; they say it tastes of mold.” Assured by Baudolino that this Greek nectar was his favorite drink, Niketas settled down to hear his story.
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Methods
1.3. The Model
1.3.1. The Landscape
1.3.2. The Agents
Storage Level Merchants | Storage Level Gauls | Size of Plots Gauls | Size of Harvest Gauls | Consumption Rates Gauls and Merchants | Corresponding Number of Individuals per Household |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 45 hl | ≤ 10 hl | 5 ha | 40 hl | 6 hl | 1 |
≥ 46, <50 hl | >10, ≤ 30 hl | 5 × 1.5 (7.5 ha) | 60 hl | 12 hl | 2 |
≥ 50, <60 hl | ≥ 31, ≤ 40 hl | 5 × 2 (10 ha) | 80 hl | 16 hl | 3 |
≥ 61, <70 hl | ≥ 41, ≤ 50 hl | 5 × 2.5 (12.5 ha) | 100 hl | 20 hl | 4 |
≥ 71 hl | ≥ 51 hl | 5 × 3 (15 ha) | 120 hl | 24 hl | 5 |
Parameter Name | Value | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Grain Storage (Gauls at birth) | 20 hl | Amount of grain per Gaul when seeded on landscape |
Grain Storage (Merchants at arrival) | 60 hl | Amount of grain per merchant when seeded on landscape |
Wine Storage (Merchants at arrival) | 20 amphora | Amount of wine per merchant when seeded on landscape |
Number Gauls Seeded | 150 | Number of Gauls at start of simulation |
Number merchants seeded (both types) | 100 | Number of merchants upon arrival |
Life expectancy | 80 | Year after which agent has 50% probability of mortality per timestep |
Etruscan arrival | Year 34 | Year Etruscans arrive |
Greek arrival | Year 100 | Year Greeks arrive |
Grain harvest amount | 20 | Amount of grain (in hectoliters) harvested per farmed cell |
Wine harvest amount | 10 | Amount of wine (in amphora) harvested per cultivated cell |
Planting calories | 4 hl | How much it costs to plant each year |
Harvest calories | 4 hl | How much it costs to harvest each year |
Wine decay rate | 1 amphora/yr | How much wine rots per year |
Wine drinking rate | 1 amphora/yr | How much wine an agent can consume per year, per type |
Reproduction | 3% | Probability of reproduction per timestep |
Probability of selling wine (merchants) | 5% | Probability a merchant will be able to sell wine each time step |
Probability of buying wine (Gauls) | 1% | Probability a colonist will be able to buy wine each time step |
Parameter Name | Values Swept Across | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Grain Trade Rate (examined in part 2.1) | 20:10; 30:10; 40:10; 50:10, 60:10 | Amount of hectoliters of grain traded per 10 amphorae of wine |
Preference (examined in part 2.2) | 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 | Weighted value for when two types of wine are available. Explained further in Table 3 |
2. Results
2.1. Base Model
2.2. Multiple-Colonist Model
Preference | Explanation |
---|---|
0 | Weight is entirely in favor of Etruscan Wine |
10 | Weight is strongly in favor of Etruscan Wine |
20 | Weight is in favor of Etruscan Wine |
30 | Weight is slightly in favor of Etruscan Wine |
40 | Weight is very slightly in favor of Etruscan Wine |
50 | There is no weighted preference between Greek or Etruscan wine. |
60 | Weight is very slightly in favor of Greek wine. |
70 | Weight is slightly in favor of Greek wine. |
80 | Weight is in favor of Greek wine. |
90 | Weight is strongly in favor of Greek wine. |
100 | Weight is entirely in favor of Greek wine. |
3. Discussion
3.1. Archaeological Evidence: Mixing of Colonial Entities
3.2. Trade with Outsiders
3.3. Supply and Demand
4. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Crabtree, S.A. Simulating Littoral Trade: Modeling the Trade of Wine in the Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Southern France. Land 2016, 5, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010005
Crabtree SA. Simulating Littoral Trade: Modeling the Trade of Wine in the Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Southern France. Land. 2016; 5(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrabtree, Stefani A. 2016. "Simulating Littoral Trade: Modeling the Trade of Wine in the Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Southern France" Land 5, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010005