Long-Term Variability of the Hydrological Regime and Its Response to Climate Warming in the Zhizdra River Basin of the Eastern European Plain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.3. Mann–Kendall Trend Test
2.4. Sliding t-Test
2.5. Nonuniformity Index of Intra-Annual Runoff
2.6. Sensitivity of Runoff to Climate Change
3. Results
3.1. Temporal Changes in Climate
3.2. Temporal Changes in Runoff
3.3. Potential Impact of Climate Changes on Runoff
4. Discussion
4.1. Climate-Driven Seasonal Runoff Dynamics
4.2. Warming Enhanced the Runoff during Winter and Summer
4.3. 1977, a Critical Period for the Changes in Runoff
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Period | P, mm | E0, mm | Q, mm | n | εp | εE0 | εn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1958–2016 | 618 | 1102 | 170 | 1.232 | 1.861 | −0.861 | 1.346 |
1958–1977 | 573 | 1066 | 159 | 1.197 | 1.839 | −0.839 | 1.367 |
1978–2016 | 642 | 1158 | 173 | 1.263 | 1.880 | −0.880 | 1.330 |
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Bai, B.; Huang, Q.; Wang, P.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T.; Pozdniakov, S.P.; Frolova, N.L.; Yu, J. Long-Term Variability of the Hydrological Regime and Its Response to Climate Warming in the Zhizdra River Basin of the Eastern European Plain. Water 2023, 15, 2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152678
Bai B, Huang Q, Wang P, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wang T, Pozdniakov SP, Frolova NL, Yu J. Long-Term Variability of the Hydrological Regime and Its Response to Climate Warming in the Zhizdra River Basin of the Eastern European Plain. Water. 2023; 15(15):2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152678
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Bing, Qiwei Huang, Ping Wang, Shiqi Liu, Yichi Zhang, Tianye Wang, Sergey P. Pozdniakov, Natalia L. Frolova, and Jingjie Yu. 2023. "Long-Term Variability of the Hydrological Regime and Its Response to Climate Warming in the Zhizdra River Basin of the Eastern European Plain" Water 15, no. 15: 2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152678