Effect of Cr2O3 on Crystallization of Diopside Glass–Ceramics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Schemes
2.1. Samples Preparation
2.2. Techniques of Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of Heat Treatment System for Glass–Ceramics
3.2. Type and Morphology Analysis of Crystallization Minerals
3.3. Dissolution Behavior of Cr2O3 in the Diopside Phase
3.4. Precipitation of Magnesia Chrome Spinel
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Rathore, M.; Dalvi, A. Electrical transport in Li2SO4–Li2O–P2O5 ionic glasses and glass–ceramic composites: A comparative study. Solid State Ion. 2013, 239, 50–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, H.; Liu, X.; Chen, J.; Qi, J.; Wang, Y.; Ai, Z. Preparation of glass-ceramics with low density and high strength using blast furnace slag, glass fiber and water glass. Ceram. Int. 2018, 44, 6044–6053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mastelaro, V.R.; Bayer, P.S.; Zanotto, E.D. Crystallization mechanism and kinetics of a Fe-diopside (25CaO·25MgO·50SiO2) glass–ceramic. J. Mater. Sci. 2019, 54, 9313–9320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, T.; Yang, R.; Liu, S. Enhanced surface crystallization of glass by adding traditional oxide nucleating agents. Ceram. Int. 2014, 40, 453–457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, W.; Huang, X.; Yan, B.; Hu, S.; Guo, H.; Chen, D. Recycling of Blast Furnace Slag and Fluorite Tailings into Diopside-Based Glass-Ceramics with Various Nucleating Agents’ Addition. Sustainability 2021, 13, 11144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yekta, B.E.; Alizadeh, P. The effect of CaF2 and Cr2O3 on the crystallisation and mechanical properties of SiO2–CaO–Fe2O3–(Al2O3) glasses. Glass Technol. 2005, 46, 347–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, Y.; Li, B.; Zhao, M.; Zhang, M. Growth of diopside crystals inCMASglass-ceramics using Cr2O3as a nucleating agent. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2018, 101, 3968–3978. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, T. Effect of Cr2O3 on the crystallization behavior of synthetic diopside and characterization of Cr-doped diopside glass ceramics. Ceram. Int. 2018, 44, 10119–10129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Luo, Z.; Li, X.; Liu, T.; Guan, L.; Wu, T.; Lu, A. Preparation and characterization of glass–ceramic foams with waste quartz sand and coal gangue in different proportions. J. Porous Mater. 2015, 23, 231–238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, D.; Patel, D.I.; Roychowdhury, T.; Rayner, G.B.; O’Toole, N.; Baer, D.R.; Linford, M.R. Tutorial on interpreting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra: Questions and answers on spectra from the atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on silicon. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2018, 36, 062902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stevie, F.A.; Donley, C.L. Introduction to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Vac. Surf. Film. 2020, 38, 063204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beall, G.H.; Pinckney, L.R. Nanophase Glass-Ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2004, 82, 5–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ito, M.; Morioka, M. Growth of diopside (CaMgSi2O6) single crystal by the Czochralski technique. Geochem. J. 2006, 40, 625–629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liu, P.; Kai, W.; Zhu, C.; Tang, Y.; Zhao, W.; Cai, Y.; Cai, J.; Ji, J. Hydrothermal synthesis of chlorite from saponite: Mechanisms of smectite-chlorite conversion and influence of Mg2+ and Al3+ supplies. Appl. Clay Sci. 2019, 184, 105357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Geng, J.; Zhang, Z.; Jiang, R.; Zhai, J.; Zhang, J. The Structure and Properties of Sepiolite with Partial Lattice Ions Substituted by Aluminum Ions. Front. Chem. 2021, 9, 637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.C.; Hsu, C.C.; Hon, M.H. The reaction between the magnesia–chrome brick and the molten slag of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–FetO and the resulting microstructure. Ceram. Int. 2009, 35, 1501–1508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lenaz, D.; Lughi, V. Raman study of MgCr2O4–Fe2+Cr2O4 and MgCr2O4–MgFe2 3+O4 synthetic series: The effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on Raman shifts. Phys. Chem. Miner. 2013, 40, 491–498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rezvani, M.; Eftekhari-Yekta, B.; Solati-Hashjin, M.; Marghussian, V. Effect of Cr2O3, Fe2O3 and TiO2 nucleants on the crystallization behaviour of SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO(R2O) glass-ceramics. Ceram. Int. 2005, 31, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dïngkun, S.; Orlova, L. Mechanism of the catalytic effect of Cr2O3 on the crystallization of glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1989, 112, 207–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mogulkoc, A. Effects of electron–acoustic phonon interaction in the presence of spin–orbit couplings in graphene. Phys. B Condens. Matter 2015, 473, 20–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nath, M.; Song, S.; Liu, H.; Li, Y. CaAl2Cr2O7: Formation, synthesis, and characterization of a new Cr(III) compound under air atmosphere in the Al2O3–CaO–Cr2O3 system. Ceram. Int. 2019, 45, 16476–16481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kochur, A.; Kozakov, A.; Mikheykin, A.; Torgashev, V.; Bush, A.; Nikolskii, A. Chemical bonding and valence state of 3d-metal ions in Ni1−xCoxCr2O4 spinels from X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2014, 195, 208–219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, Y.; Han, X.X.; Li, B.W.; Chen, Y.X.; Zhang, M.X. Modification of glass network and crystallization of CaO–Al2O3–MgO–SiO2 based glass ceramics with addition of iron oxide. Ceram. Int. 2020, 46, 9207–9217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, W.L.; Yang, W.; Zheng, W.C. Studies of the local compressibility of Cr3+-centered octahedron in LiSc (WO4)2 crystal from the pressure dependence of the optical spectra. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 2011, 166, 160–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alyabyeva, L.; Burkov, V.I.; Kotov, V.A. Luminescence of disordered crystals with langasite structure doped with chromium ions. J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 2017, 62, 175–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, Z.; Zeng, J.; Wang, C.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, J.; Pan, Y.; Xu, Y.; Liu, Q.; Qian, G. Application and mechanism of an ore-washing sludge in the remediation of chromium (III) and copper (II)-contaminated soils. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2020, 22, 897–906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Component | BFS | LFAS | QS |
---|---|---|---|
CaO | 34.43 | 48.64 | 0.029 |
SiO2 | 34.21 | 29.46 | 98.200 |
Al2O3 | 13.84 | 7.36 | 0.120 |
MgO | 9.15 | 7.23 | 0.005 |
Cr2O3 | - | 3.48 | - |
CaF2 | 0.78 | - | - |
CaS | 3.2 | - | - |
MnO | 0.52 | - | - |
Fe2O3 | - | 0.58 | 0.037 |
FeO | 0.69 | 0.5 | - |
K2O | 0.48 | - | - |
Na2O | 0.54 | - | 0.018 |
TiO2 | 0.89 | - | - |
Other | 1.27 | 2.75 | 1.591 |
Composition | LFAS:BFS:QS | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | MgO | Cr2O3 | Other | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numbering | ||||||||
1 | 40:60:26.23 | 31.90 | 46.18 | 8.94 | 6.67 | 1.11 | 5.20 | |
2 | 50:50:28.78 | 32.38 | 46.85 | 8.26 | 6.39 | 1.36 | 4.76 | |
3 | 60:40:31.33 | 32.85 | 47.51 | 7.61 | 6.12 | 1.60 | 4.31 | |
4 | 70:30:33.88 | 33.30 | 48.14 | 6.98 | 5.86 | 1.83 | 3.89 |
Element | O | Mg | Al | Si | Ca | Cr | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic fraction at point C/% | 54.27 | 6.66 | 8.16 | 16.24 | 14.36 | 0.32 | - |
Atomic fraction at point D/% | 48.96 | 13.97 | 8.22 | - | 2.79 | 25.65 | 0.41 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Chai, Y.; Zhao, F.; Luo, G. Effect of Cr2O3 on Crystallization of Diopside Glass–Ceramics. Crystals 2022, 12, 1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121714
Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Zhao F, Luo G. Effect of Cr2O3 on Crystallization of Diopside Glass–Ceramics. Crystals. 2022; 12(12):1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121714
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yifan, Yici Wang, Yunhao Zhang, Yifan Chai, Fengguang Zhao, and Guoping Luo. 2022. "Effect of Cr2O3 on Crystallization of Diopside Glass–Ceramics" Crystals 12, no. 12: 1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121714