Dung Beetle Optimization with Deep Feature Fusion Model for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Related Works
3. The Proposed Model
3.1. Feature Fusion Process
3.1.1. ResNet
3.1.2. DenseNet
3.1.3. Inception-ResNet-v2
3.2. Hyperparameter Tuning Process
3.2.1. Obstacle-Free Mode
3.2.2. Barrier Mode
3.3. Lung Cancer Detection Process
4. Experimental Validation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Class | No. of Samples |
---|---|
Normal | 35 |
Benign | 32 |
Malignant | 33 |
Total Samples | 100 |
Class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training Phase (80%) | |||||
Normal | 98.75 | 96.43 | 100.00 | 98.11 | 98.18 |
Benign | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Malignant | 98.75 | 100.00 | 96.15 | 100.00 | 98.04 |
Average | 99.17 | 98.81 | 98.72 | 99.37 | 98.74 |
Testing Phase (20%) | |||||
Normal | 95.00 | 100.00 | 87.50 | 100.00 | 93.33 |
Benign | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Malignant | 95.00 | 87.50 | 100.00 | 92.31 | 93.33 |
Average | 96.67 | 95.83 | 95.83 | 97.44 | 95.56 |
Class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training Phase (70%) | |||||
Normal | 98.57 | 100.00 | 95.45 | 100.00 | 97.67 |
Benign | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Malignant | 98.57 | 96.15 | 100.00 | 97.78 | 98.04 |
Average | 99.05 | 98.72 | 98.48 | 99.26 | 98.57 |
Testing Phase (30%) | |||||
Normal | 93.33 | 100.00 | 84.62 | 100.00 | 91.67 |
Benign | 96.67 | 90.00 | 100.00 | 95.24 | 94.74 |
Malignant | 96.67 | 88.89 | 100.00 | 95.45 | 94.12 |
Average | 95.56 | 92.96 | 94.87 | 96.90 | 93.51 |
Methods | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
ODNN Model | 92.12 | 91.29 | 88.56 | 88.54 |
KNN Model | 96.52 | 97.03 | 86.45 | 92.10 |
DNN Model | 95.45 | 96.95 | 92.85 | 89.40 |
YOLO-DLN | 94.75 | 96.49 | 94.70 | 95.10 |
DBN-LND | 95.00 | 97.92 | 93.50 | 90.20 |
AGFLCC-DGM | 98.91 | 96.88 | 98.46 | 98.89 |
DBOMDFF-LCC | 99.17 | 98.81 | 98.72 | 99.37 |
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Share and Cite
Alamgeer, M.; Alruwais, N.; Alshahrani, H.M.; Mohamed, A.; Assiri, M. Dung Beetle Optimization with Deep Feature Fusion Model for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification. Cancers 2023, 15, 3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153982
Alamgeer M, Alruwais N, Alshahrani HM, Mohamed A, Assiri M. Dung Beetle Optimization with Deep Feature Fusion Model for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification. Cancers. 2023; 15(15):3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153982
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlamgeer, Mohammad, Nuha Alruwais, Haya Mesfer Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohamed, and Mohammed Assiri. 2023. "Dung Beetle Optimization with Deep Feature Fusion Model for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification" Cancers 15, no. 15: 3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153982