Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Major Hypotheses on Metastasis
3. Metastasis and Recurrence Prediction from Genomic Profiling of Primary Tumors
4. Metastasis Prediction from Genomic Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells
5. Functional Genomic Analysis of Site-Specific Metastasis of BC
5.1. Bone Metastasis of BC
5.2. Lung Metastasis of BC
5.3. Liver Metastasis of BC
5.4. Brain Metastasis of BC
6. Therapeutic Implications of the Genomic Information
7. Future Perspectives
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Site of Metastasis | Study | Genes | Expression Status |
---|---|---|---|
Bone | Latent bone metastasis in breast cancer tied to Src-dependent survival signals [134] | CXCL12/SDF1; BMP2; IGF2; CXCL14; GMFG; IGF1; JAG1; NOV; PDGFA; PGF; VEGFC; TNFSF10; TGFB1; TGFB3; SPP1; PXDN; CLEC11A; | Upregulated |
Lung | Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung [73] | SPARC; IL13RA2; VCAM1; MMP2; MMP1; CXCL1; ID1; COX2; EREG | Upregulated |
Myeloid progenitor cells in the premetastatic lung promote metastases by inducing mesenchymal to epithelial transition [135] | Versican | Upregulated | |
NF-κB is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in a model of breast cancer progression [136] | NF-κB | Downregulated | |
Liver | Prognosis and Genomic Landscape of Liver Metastasis in Patients With Breast Cancer [137] | ESR1; AKT1; ERBB2; FGFR4 | Upregulated |
Transcriptional Profiling of Breast Cancer Metastases Identifies Liver Metastasis-Selective Genes Associated with Adverse Outcome in Luminal A Primary Breast Cancer [138] | MFAP5; CDH11; MMP13; FBN1; MXRA5; SFRP4; COL1A2; DPYSL3; EMP1; COL11A1; SPON1; FNDC1; RUNX2; COL3A1 | Downregulated | |
Brain | Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain [72] | ANGPTL4; PLOD2; COL13A1; COX2; PELI1; MMP1; B4GALT6; HBEGF; CSF3; RGC32; LTBP1; FSCN1; LAMA4; ST6GALNAC5 | Upregulated |
TNFSF10; RARRES3; SCNN1A; SEPP1 | Downregulated | ||
Genomic Characterization of Brain Metastases Reveals Branched Evolution and Potential Therapeutic Targets [122] | CCNE1; EGFR; MYC; EZH2; PIK3CA | Upregulated | |
Gene Expression Profiling of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis [139] | SOX2; OLIG2 | Upregulated | |
CXCL12; MMP2; MMP11; VCAM1; MME | Downregulated |
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Yu, Z.; Song, M.; Chouchane, L.; Ma, X. Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers 2021, 13, 3276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133276
Yu Z, Song M, Chouchane L, Ma X. Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133276
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Ziqi, Mei Song, Lotfi Chouchane, and Xiaojing Ma. 2021. "Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133276