Enhancing Part-to-Part Repeatability of Force-Sensing Resistors Using a Lean Six Sigma Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Foundations
2.1. Application of the Six Sigma Methodology
2.2. Physical Modeling of Force-Sensing Resistors
2.2.1. Quantum Tunneling as a Source of Piezoresistivity
2.2.2. Constriction Resistance as a Source of Piezoresistivity
2.2.3. Combining Tunneling and Contact Resistances
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Mechanical Setup
3.2. Electrical Setup
3.3. Methods
4. Results
4.1. Sensor Classification on the Basis of the Output Voltage at Null Force
4.2. Compensation Technique to Enhance Part-to-Part Repeatability
4.3. Assessing the Compensation Technique from a Six Sigma Perspective
4.4. Practical Considerations for the Implementation of the Proposed Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Foundations of the Six Sigma Methodology
References
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Step of the Cycle | Description |
---|---|
Define | Sensitivity (m) of 64 specimens of commercial FSRs, model Interlink FSR402 [27]. A total of 48 sensors were considered for the DMAI stages and 16 for the C stage. |
Measure | Sensitivity was measured in force steps of 1 N, starting at 0 N up to 20 N. A total of 19 input voltages (U) were considered: 0.25 V, 0.5 V, 0.75 V, and 1 V. Above 1 V, voltage increments of 0.5 V were applied up to 8.5 V. |
Analyze | Evaluation of the experimental data in perspective of the underlying physics of FSRs. Four claims were stated to ease the analysis and to derive conclusions. |
Improve | The improve step comprised two stages: finding the optimal input voltage that minimizes dispersion in sensitivity, proposing and test two different methods to reduce the dispersion in sensitivity. |
Control | Validate the two methods developed in the improve stage using 16 sensors. |
a (V) | b (N·V) | c (V) | R2 | μ (V/N) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region (A) | 132.3 | 139.1 | −3.36 | 0.67 | μA = 0.091 |
Region (C) | 101 | 485.2 | −18.2 | 0.94 | μC = 0.052 |
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Garzón-Posada, A.O.; Paredes-Madrid, L.; Peña, A.; Fontalvo, V.M.; Palacio, C. Enhancing Part-to-Part Repeatability of Force-Sensing Resistors Using a Lean Six Sigma Approach. Micromachines 2022, 13, 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060840
Garzón-Posada AO, Paredes-Madrid L, Peña A, Fontalvo VM, Palacio C. Enhancing Part-to-Part Repeatability of Force-Sensing Resistors Using a Lean Six Sigma Approach. Micromachines. 2022; 13(6):840. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060840
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarzón-Posada, Andrés O., Leonel Paredes-Madrid, Angela Peña, Victor M. Fontalvo, and Carlos Palacio. 2022. "Enhancing Part-to-Part Repeatability of Force-Sensing Resistors Using a Lean Six Sigma Approach" Micromachines 13, no. 6: 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060840