Evaluation and Development of DHGF Model for Eco-Health Tourism Resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park

Abstract

The aim was to explore the reserve of ecological and wellness tourism resources in the famous ecological and wellness base Hong Kong Wetland Park and further construct a systematic index system for the evaluation of ecological and wellness tourism resources in wetland parks. The DHGF algorithm was used to conduct hierarchical factor weighting analysis on ecotourism resource-related factors. The study showed that in terms of the index weights of ecological permaculture tourism resources in wetland parks, the highest weight was assigned to the permaculture tourism resources’ own conditions. According to the evaluation system of eco-health tourism resources, the comprehensive evaluation score of eco-health tourism resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park is 7.673, and the comprehensive evaluation level is grade II (good). Based on the in-depth analysis of the evaluation results, it is proposed to establish a standardized government management system, explore ecological and health tourism resources with the concept of “original ecology and green health”, cultivate “recreation and health tourism + ecological health” composite professionals in Hong Kong and Macao, and create the recommendations, including the establishment of a four-dimensional integration of “ecology + health + health + tourism” in the Greater Bay Area.

1. Introduction

Along with the upgrade of consumption ability and the increase of people’s awareness of the status of recreation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, influenced by the epidemic, the big health industry is slowly approaching in people’s vision, and the importance of people’s demand for ecological health and wellness has become the mainstream trend of today’s tourism market [1]. Ecological wellness tourism resources are important tourism drivers for wellness destinations to attract tourists from their sources [2], and the objective evaluation study of ecological wellness resources in tourism destinations is the base point for attracting tourists and better developing sustainable tourism for tourism destinations. Objective evaluation of ecological and permaculture tourism resources in tourist destinations can contribute to the development of healthy and sustainable tourism in the destination based on the limited carrying capacity of resources. The scientific evaluation of ecological wellness tourism resources is the premise of reasonable planning, and development of the destination of the wellness tourism [3,4] is an important indispensable link in the effective development of tourist destinations, reasonable planning, and construction of tourism infrastructure, and the comprehensive evaluation orientation of its ecological tourism resources has an important impact on the sustainable development of the ecological wellness tourism industry in tourist destinations.

Hong Kong Wetland Park is an important ecological health tourism destination in my country, and it is also one of the areas with rich ecological health resources. The development of tourism depends heavily on the richness of tourism resources in tourist destinations. The proportion of the tourism resources sub-items in the system level is the key to analyze the attractiveness of the tourism resources of tourism destinations. In view of the fact that the research on wetland tourism in China is still in the development stage, and in order to explore the reserves of ecological health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park, a famous ecological health care base, this study uses the factor hierarchy analysis method to further construct a systematic index for the evaluation of ecological health tourism resources in the Wetland Parks system. This is not only of great significance to the protection and utilization of health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park but also provides scientific reference value for the development of ecological health tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

2. Literature Review

2.1. Health Tourism Resources

Health activities have been ascribed with importance since ancient times, but it was not until 2002 that the combination of health activities and tourism began to enter the domestic scene, and since then, domestic scholars began to carry out research on health tourism, which is nearly 70 years later than the external research on this aspect. Wang Yan [5] defined health tourism as the guidance of the modern health concept, with prevention of physical and mental illness as the main motivating need, and as a kind of spatial displacement activity caused by the sum of phenomena and relations. Ye Yinning [6] took the Qinling area in Shaanxi Province as an example and used AHP to evaluate local eco-health tourism resources and put forward constructive suggestions. Qin Bin and Gao Xiang [7] et al. discussed the industrial integration and new development trend of medical health preservation and tourism resources based on ethnic medicine health preservation. The tourism development has become a new trend of inter-industry integration development and for Guangxi ethnic health tourism resources development to achieve sustainability, there is a need for inter-department, inter-industry, resource integration, talent training, market segmentation, standards, and other aspects of the construction of the corresponding guaranteeing mechanism. Luo Mingzhen [8] took Jing County of Anhui Province as an example to make an empirical analysis. By building a potential model for the development of health tourism resources, he determined the weights of various evaluation indicators of the development potential of health tourism resources through an expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process and put forward suggestions for the development of health tourism resources. Wang Zhen [9] summarized relevant planning theories and developed mature cases through the study of rural ecohealth tourism scenic spot planning, pointed out that the research can be used for reference, put forward the planning technical route and detailed analysis of the planning content system, screened out the factors that had a greater impact on the development process, and built the development suitability evaluation system and comprehensive evaluation grading standard. Zhao Pengyu and Liu Fang et al. [10] divided the health tourism resources in Shanxi Province into two main categories, five sub-categories, and seven basic types according to the classification, investigation, and evaluation of tourism resources; combined it with field research; and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics by using the geographical concentration index and Gini coefficient. Li Lunfu [11] believed that leisure and health tourism is a kind of leisure tourism activity with health preservation as the theme, and the way of health preservation is embodied in leisure. Long Zhenghai [12] took the hot spring resources in Baoshan area as the research object; established a comprehensive evaluation model of the exploitation potential of hot spring tourism resources by using grey statistical analysis (GST), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and GIS spatial analysis; and evaluated its exploitation potential. The corresponding strategies were put forward in order to provide reference for the rational development and utilization of hot spring resources in other regions. Based on the comprehensive comparison of existing health tourism modes at home and abroad, Chen Wei [13] proposed a unique modern health model of “health exercise + combining medicine with food”.

2.2. Ecological Tourism Resources

Hetzer [14] first proposed to carry out ecotourism activities. The first definition of ecotourism was put forward by Ceballos-Lascurain [15], a special adviser of IUCN, who defined it as “ecotourism activities in a relatively undisturbed natural area with an environmentally responsible attitude for the purpose of enjoying and appreciating nature and humanity”. Ceballos [16] defined ecotourism as “tourism activities to learn and appreciate the flora and fauna scenery and culture in unpolluted or disturbed natural areas”, which ignores the important contribution of ecotourism to nature conservation. Ocampo et al. [17] proposed a sustainable ecotourism index method based on the fuzzy Delphi method for group decision-making process management, which can effectively coordinate the conflicts of interest of various stakeholders in developing countries such as the Philippines. Ziegler et al. [18] compared the views, attitudes, and behaviors of local people on the whale shark and its habitat protection in three eco-tourism scenic spots of different scales in the Philippines and found that the eco-tourism development project with the lowest economic return and the smallest scale had the largest proportion of support from local people to have positive changes, indicating that economic benefits were not the main determinant of conservation results. Zabihi et al. [19] carried out a weighted analysis of 11 elements by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) based on GIS and completed a practical study on ecotourism planning in Babor County, Iran. Hwang et al. [20] proposed an eco-tourism benefit optimization model based on supply chain management through a full-dimensional input and output flow model. In recent years, the concept of ecotourism has been extended to poverty reduction, human rights, and moral issues [21,22]. When studying the development of developing countries, Binns and Nel [23], Gurung and Seeland [24], and other scholars found that ecotourism is closely related to regional poverty reduction because ecotourism in developing countries often occurs in protected areas.

In China, Zhang Shuying et al. [25] reviewed 546 pieces of foreign literature and proposed seven connotation indexes of ecotourism, including nature basis, environmental education, ecological protection, sustainable management, community welfare, ethics, and cultural attributes. Xiong Ying [26], in the research progress and prospects of ecotourism carrying capacity, summarized the relevant viewpoints and research hotspots of domestic and foreign scholars and made prospects for the further development of the research. Starting from the origin of ecotourism, Liang Hui and Zhang Liming et al. [27] predicted the development trend of ecotourism in the future by dividing the development stages of ecotourism, summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of ecotourism development in each stage, the types of ecotourism products, the representative countries, and the experience and lessons of these countries in developing ecotourism. On this basis, they pointed out the impact of foreign ecotourism on China and the implications of ecotourism development. Ma Yinghua and Zhang Yujun et al. [28] summarized the concept of urban ecotourism in research progress of urban biology and made comments and prospects on the previous studies of urban ecotourism system, tourists’ demands, and urban ecotourism resources. In the research progress and prospect of ecotourism research in China, Zhong Linsheng and Ma Xiangyuan et al. [29] reviewed domestic ecotourism research by taking the research results of ecotourism published in China between 1992 and 2015 as research objects.

2.3. Wetland Health Ecological Tourism Resources

At present, foreign scholars’ research on tourism resource evaluation focuses on different national conditions and research purposes and mainly focuses on the evaluation of tourism resources. For example, Rapport D.J. et al. [30] integrated biological, physical, economic, and other indicators of the wetland ecosystem to evaluate the overall benefits of the wetland ecosystem. David et al. [31] built a dynamic model through observation and analysis and extracted and summarized various benefits and functions of wetland tourism. Silvius M.J. et al. [32] studied the Norfolk wetland and proposed that the tourism routes and methods should be planned reasonably and scientifically in the process of developing the wetland tourism industry so as to prevent the wetland system from being destroyed by human beings and put forward a number of opinions on the development of wetland tourism resources from the perspective of sustainable development. Das S and Bhunia et al. [33] systematically studied the floodplain wetland habitat in the lower Ganges plain of West Bengal, which plays an important role in protecting the environment from environmental degradation such as pollution, reducing the water table, and natural disasters, and they proposed restoration strategies to protect the livelihood model dependent on wetlands.

In China, with the rise of wetland tourism and the sustainable development of wetland tourism resources, the research on tourism resource classification and ecological value assessment has slowly developed, and the research methods are expanded from the initial analytic hierarchy process to the application of information entropy, entropy weight matter element extension model, and fuzzy matter element model. Li Yang [34] took Zhalong Nature Reserve as the research area, made a systematic evaluation of the development potential of ecotourism resources in the research area, and put forward relevant suggestions based on the development of its tourism resources. Kong Lingyi [35] et al. took the Bohai Rim as the research target, extracted the ecological health factors of coastal tourism resources, and systematically evaluated the suitability of coastal health tourism in the Bohai Rim. In order to make up for the deficiencies in the evaluation of lake wetland ecotourism resources, Zeng Tao et al. [36] used the fuzzy information and quantification of lake wetland ecotourism resources and built an ecotourism resources evaluation system with the characteristics of lake wetland by using the analytic hierarchy process. The proportion of tourism resource sub-items in the system level is the key to analyze the attraction strength of tourism resources in tourist destinations. Qin Yaqing et al. [37] took three river wetlands in Nanjing as the research object, built a wetland health and ecotourism resource evaluation index set according to the characteristics of river wetlands, and carried out a detailed evaluation on the two aspects, respectively. Li Qiunan [38] made a comprehensive evaluation of wetland ecotourism resources from the perspective of big health and proposed countermeasures for the promotion of ecotourism resources. On the basis of referring to the research status at home and abroad, Zhou Dan [39] reviewed the literature and analyzed the specific cases, used the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the current situation of tourism resources in Cehu National Wetland Park, and put forward a number of suggestions for improvement. Ma Zhanwu [40] took the values of Zhalong wetland landscape recreation, scientific research and education, water purification, and other values as research purposes and carried out research and evaluated the non-use value with the application of conditional value method, alternative method, and pollution control cost method. On the basis of the research status at home and abroad, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a great deal of research on tourism resources and applied a variety of methods and models [41,42]. Most of this research can only evaluate and describe the status quo of research objects, and the evaluation system lacks logical rigor and has not yet formed a systematic theoretical system to support it. Nor can adequate scientific guidance be given to the management and development of wetland ecotourism resources [43,44,45,46,47].

2.4. Review of Literature Research

After a comprehensive review and screening of the literature and the current research situation at home and abroad, it can be seen that domestic and foreign scholars mainly conduct research on tourism resources based on concepts and basic conditions, and a few of them involve the application of certain methods and models. However, most of this research can only evaluate and describe the current situation of research objects, and the evaluation system lacks logical rigor and has not yet formed a systematic theoretical system to support it. The management and development of ecotourism resources cannot give sufficient scientific guidance. Relevant studies mainly focus on the description of the basic concepts of ecotourism and health tourism, and the combination between the two is still rare. In particular, the analysis of wetland ecological health resources is still in the stage of development, and the hierarchical factor evaluation of ecological health resources in Hong Kong and Macao is still blank. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation of the Hong Kong Wetland Park eco-health tourism resources has an important impact on the sustainable development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area eco-health tourism industry. Hong Kong Wetland Park has a high basic content of ecological health resources. Reasonable utilization and development of the ecological health tourism resources will help accelerate the transformation and development of the tourism industry in Hong Kong and Hong Kong and play a certain role in promoting the establishment of the ecological protection rural industry integration mode of the original resources in the protected area. Therefore, the DHGF algorithm was used to construct a level- 3 factor-level evaluation index model of Wetland Park eco-health tourism resources, and the abundance of level 3 resource factor index of resources in the study area was comprehensively evaluated. This is not only of great significance to the protection and utilization of health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park but also provides scientific reference value for the development of health tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

3. Overview of the Study Area

Hong Kong Wetland Park (HKWP) is located in the northern part of Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, with a total area of over 60 hm² (ha). The wetland park is a major tourist attraction and a wildlife habitat in Hong Kong. The study area is rich in ecological and health tourism resources, with natural beauty and ecological and health resources to which urban people aspire, and is a famous “natural oxygen bar” in Hong Kong. The Wetland Park is mainly designed with wildlife model exhibitions, simulated wetland scene facilities, and recreational and educational facilities. Visitors can not only enjoy the natural beauty but also appreciate the various water forms and experience the quality of life nurtured by water through the unique design of Hong Kong’s planning designers. The rich ecological and health tourism resources and the development of the integrated green water ecological tourism model have created lucrative economic benefits for the tourism industry of Hong Kong Wetland Park.

4. Research Method

The DHGF algorithm is based on the DH model on top of the hierarchical analysis of the object factors in the system variable index system, which is a method of using the improved Delphi method with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method [48,49]. The calculation steps of this study using DHGF algorithm can be broadly divided into the following two steps: First, based on the DH algorithm model, the weights occupied by various evaluation index hierarchies of ecological and health tourism resources in Hong Kong wetland parks are determined. Secondly, the GF algorithm of DHGF algorithm is used to conduct a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the research objects in the study area.

4.1. DH Algorithm to Determine the Evaluation Index Weights

Based on the principles of Delphi method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and target object factor hierarchical analysis method, the fuzzy measurement of resource factor hierarchy was carried out by using a 1–9 numerical marker scale method. Fifteen ecotourism experts were invited from related professions to make a comprehensive comparison and assign values, calculate the average value of each index value by using the basic assignment, and conduct systematic comparison to make a comprehensive evaluation and determine the factor hierarchy dimension. Then, we calculated the ratio between the two factor indicators in close proximity, systematically processed the ratio and took the integers, and then comprehensively compared and judged the factor indicator matrix values. The double judgment matrix model was constructed with the factor index matrix values, and finally, the matrix weights of each level were assigned. The weight coefficients of each factor index are ${\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{i}}$, and the set of its comprehensive combination weights are denoted as $\mathit{W}$.

$$\mathit{W}=\left\{{\mathit{W}}_{\mathbf{1}},{\mathit{W}}_{\mathbf{2}},\mathbf{\cdots }\mathbf{\cdots },{\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{i}},\mathbf{\cdots }\mathbf{\cdots },{\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{n}}\right\}$$

(1)

The formula ${\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{i}}$ indicates the weight value of the evaluation index ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{i}},$ ${\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{i}}$ ∈ (0, 1). i = 1, 2, ……, n. The indicators in this regional sample study about the evaluation layer of ecological and permaculture tourism factors in Hong Kong Wetland Park are divided into three levels, and the number of resource factors in the three levels is 20, so the number of quantity factors n in the operation formula here takes the value of 20.

4.2. GF Algorithm for Comprehensive Evaluation

Firstly, assuming that there are K industry experts involved in the fuzzy assignment scoring of the index model, E = {${\mathit{E}}_{\mathbf{1}}, {\mathit{E}}_{\mathbf{2}}$, ……, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{l}}$, ……, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}$}, the relevant sample quantified value of the resource factor ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{i}}$ by the industry-related scholar expert l is labeled as ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}$. Finally, it means that experts within the ecotourism industry score the fuzzy assignment scoring of the resource factor evaluation index of ecological and health tourism in Hong Kong Wetland Park, and the scoring value of the resource factor model adopts a rating scale of 10 points out of 10, and the sample size matrix ($\mathit{D}$) of the resource factor evaluation is

$$\mathit{D}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{cc}{\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{11}}& {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{12}}\cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{1}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{1}\mathit{n}}\\ {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{21}}& {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{22}}\cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{2}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathbf{2}\mathit{n}}\\ ⋮& ⋮ ⋮ ⋮\end{array}\\ \begin{array}{cc}{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathbf{1}}& {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathbf{2}}\cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{n}}\\ ⋮& ⋮ ⋮ ⋮\\ {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{k}\mathbf{1}}& {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{k}\mathbf{2}}\cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{k}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{k}\mathit{n}}\end{array}\end{array}\right\}$$

(2)

The formula is l = 1, 2, ……, k. In the sample study, five experts and scholars in the ecological environment and tourism industry were selected to score the ecological and health tourism resources evaluation index of Hong Kong Wetland Park at the factor level of fuzzy assignment, so the number of experts in the relevant industry x was taken as 5.

Secondly, according to the relative threshold of the data model, the peak value (maximum value, minimum value) was found in the matrix of selected evaluation sample size in Hong Kong Wetland Parks as the limit of relative assignment (upper limit, lower limit and median value), and then, the mathematical and rational set (${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{J}}$) of the evaluation level l ($\mathit{V}$) of the resource factor hierarchy model was determined.

$$\mathit{V}=\{{\mathit{V}}_{\mathbf{1}}, {\mathit{V}}_{\mathbf{2}}, \mathbf{\dots }\mathbf{\dots }, {\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{J}}, \mathbf{\dots }\mathbf{\dots }, {\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{M}}\}$$

(3)

where $\mathit{j}$ = 1, 2, ……, m. After comprehensive comparison, the ecological and health tourism resources evaluation index system of Hong Kong Wetland Park was divided into four classes according to the class standard from good to poor, so m takes 4.

Again, the corresponding whitening weight functions are obtained according to the evaluation classes of the resource factor model, and then, the gray statistics (${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$), the total gray statistics (${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}}$), the evaluation weights (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$) of each gray class, and the gray evaluation weight matrix ($\mathit{R}$) of each evaluation index were calculated.

$${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}={\displaystyle \sum }_{\mathit{l}=\mathbf{1}}^{\mathit{K}}{\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)$$

(4)

$${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}}={\displaystyle \sum }_{\mathit{j}=\mathbf{1}}^{\mathit{m}}{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$$

(5)

$${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}=\frac{{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}}{{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}}}$$

(6)

$$\mathit{R}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{cc}{\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{11}}& {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{12}}\cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{1}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{1}\mathit{n}}\\ {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{21}}& {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{22}}\cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{2}\mathit{i}} \cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathbf{2}\mathit{n}}\\ ⋮& ⋮ ⋮ ⋮\end{array}\\ \begin{array}{cc}{\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathbf{1}}& {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathbf{2}}\cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}} \cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{m}}\\ ⋮& ⋮ ⋮ ⋮\\ {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{n}\mathbf{1}}& {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{n}\mathbf{2}}\cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{n}\mathit{j}} \cdots {\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{m}\mathit{n}}\end{array}\end{array}\right\}$$

(7)

The formula ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)$ is the whitening weight function ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}$ at the time of j gray category. ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$ is the gray evaluation weight arithmetic value of the i evaluation factor at the time of evaluation criteria in j.

Finally, based on the data analysis of the combined weights $\mathit{W}$ and gray evaluation weight matrix of the ecological $\mathit{R}$ and permaculture resource factor samples in the selected sample area, the final result can be obtained from the fuzzy evaluation matrix $\mathit{B}$ of ecological and permaculture tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park.

Data comparison of the resource factor hierarchy and determination of the fuzzy judgment matrix values of the resource factor hierarchy and related data can finally calculate the final comprehensive data results $\mathit{Z}$ of the ecological and permaculture tourism resources evaluation in the study area of Hong Kong Wetland Park.

$$\mathit{B}=\mathit{W}\mathit{R}$$

(8)

$$\mathit{Z}=\mathit{B}{\mathit{V}}^{\mathit{T}}$$

(9)

5. Results and Analysis

Taking the famous ecological health base Hong Kong Wetland Park as the research object to construct a systematic index system for ecological health tourism resources evaluation, a comparative analysis of relevant ecological health tourism resources indexes, and a systematic factor weighting analysis using DHGF algorithm, a comprehensive evaluation of the abundance of ecological health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park was conducted.

5.1. GF Algorithm for Comprehensive Evaluation

Using YAAHP V7.5 version software [50], a hierarchical model was constructed for ecotourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park and further combined with the construction of hierarchical analysis model for combined weight analysis. The results showed that the judgment matrix models of each level of ecotourism resources in the study area passed the consistency test. The weight values of the combined weight model of resource factors and comprehensive evaluation factor evaluation system indicators for each level are shown in

Table 1. Indicators of comprehensive evaluation system at the level of ecological and wellness tourism resources in Hong Kong wetland parks.

First-Level Comprehensive Evaluation System Indicators	Symbols	Weighting
Ecological health tourism resources innate conditions	B1	0.689
Environmental conditions of ecological health tourism resources	B2	0.263
Ecological health resources development conditions	B3	0.049

.

Among the indicators of the first-level comprehensive evaluation system of ecological and permaculture tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Parks (Table 1), the highest weight ratio is the innate conditions of ecological and permaculture tourism resources in the study area (proportional weight of B₁ = 0.689) (Table 1), the second-ranked weight value is the environmental conditions (proportional weight of B₂ = 0.263), and the smallest weight value is B₃ = 0.049 for ecological and permaculture resource development conditions. Among the secondary index factor system (

Table 2. Secondary evaluation indicators of ecological and health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park.

First-Level Comprehensive Evaluation System Indicators	Second-Level Comprehensive Evaluation System Indicators	Symbols	Weighting
Ecological health tourism resources innate conditions	Natural Wellness Resources	C1	0.567
	Human Wellness Resources	C2	0.083
	Wetland Resource Properties	C3	0.039
Environmental conditions of ecological health tourism resources	Environmental Quality	C4	0.233
	Environmental Capacity	C5	0.017
	Environmental Protection	C6	0.013
Ecological health resources development conditions	Accessibility	C7	0.006
	Permaculture Infrastructure	C8	0.043

), the first weight value is C₁ = 0.567 for natural permaculture resources, and the external communication environmental influence factor has a smaller influence, with a weight of 0.005 (

Table 3. Evaluation indexes of ecological and health tourism resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park at three levels of factors.

Second-Level Comprehensive Evaluation System Indicators	Three-Level Resource Factor Evaluation Layer	Symbols	Weighting	Sequence
Natural Wellness Resources	Recreational Natural Ecological Products	D1	0.161	3
	Wetland Aquatic Wild Chinese Herbs	D2	0.239	1
	Wetland Wild Health Food	D3	0.167	2
Human Wellness Resources	Hong Kong and Macau Cultural Wellness	D4	0.032	7
	Medical Wellness in Hong Kong	D5	0.029	8
	Herbal Tea Culture	D6	0.032	9
Wetland Resource Properties	Flora and Fauna Species Diversity	D7	0.020	11
	Rarity of Plant and Animal Species	D8	0.019	12
Environmental Quality	Soil Environmental Quality	D9	0.039	5
	Water Environmental	D10	0.033	6
	Air Negative Ion Content	D11	0.140	4
	Sound Environment Quality	D12	0.021	10
Environmental Capacity	Resource Conservation	D13	0.017	13
Environmental Protection	Transportation	D14	0.013	14
Accessibility	Accommodation Environment	D15	0.006	19
Permaculture Infrastructure	Accommodation Environment	D16	0.010	16
	Communication Environment	D17	0.005	20
	Basic Medical Care	D18	0.011	15
	Quality of Professional Staff Service Specification	D19	0.008	18
	Tourism and Recreation Facilities	D20	0.009	17

). In summary, the resource’s own richness has the greatest influence on the wellness tourism, and the external communication environment has the least influence on the wellness tourism.

5.2. The Comprehensive Evaluation Grade of Ecological and Health Tourism Resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park Is II (Good)

According to the relevant data model, the final evaluation results of the DHGF model algorithm show that the ecological and health tourism resources are classified into five levels of ecological and health tourism resources, from level I–level V [51,52]. The relevant activities that can be carried out for different levels of ecotourism products met the corresponding degree of suitability for development. As shown in

Table 4. I–V ecological health tourism resources of the evaluation-level system table.

Evaluation Indicator Level	Range of Indicator Values	Activity Indicators
I	>9	Environmental protection should be the main focus, and no artificial tourism activities should be carried out
II	7–9	“Moderate” tourism activities
III	5–7	“Moderate” tourism activities
IV	3–5	Development of tourism excursions (with tourism resources as a supplementary resource)
V	<3	Vigorously carry out tourism excursions (using tourism resources as a supplementary resource)

, ecological and permaculture tourism resources of grade II and grade III with assigned scores between 5 and 9 are more suitable for moderate tourism development activities.According to the fuzzy evaluation assignment by experts within the tourism industry, the corresponding assignment evaluation grade boundary values were obtained after the relevant data were collated. Its corresponding whitening weight function value (

Table 5. Resource factor evaluation gray class and whitening weight function.

Gray Category	Grade	Gray Number	Whitening Power Function
I	Excellent	∈ [9, +∞)	$f_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{9}& \left[0, 9\right]\\ 1& \left[9,+\infty \right)\\ 0& \left[-\infty ,+\infty \right)\end{array}\right\}$
II	Good	∈ [0, 7, 14]	$f_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{7}& \left[0, 7\right]\\ 2-\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{7}& \left[7, 14\right]\\ 0& \left(0, 14\right)\end{array}\right\}$
III	Moderate	∈ [0, 5, 10]	$f_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{5}& \left[0, 5\right]\\ 2-\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{5}& \left[5, 10\right]\\ 0& \left[0, 10\right)\end{array}\right\}$
IV	Poor	∈ [0, 3, 6]	$f_{\mathit{i}}\left({\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \left[0, 3\right]\\ 2-\frac{{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{l}\mathit{i}}}{3}& \left[3, 6\right]\\ 0& \left(0, 6\right)\end{array}\right\}$

) is shown.

The final results of the evaluation of ecological and health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Parks were calculated by GF algorithm.

$$\mathit{Z}=\mathit{B}{\mathit{V}}^{\mathit{T}}=\left(0.391 0.337 0.226 0.046\right){(9 7 5 3)}^{\mathit{T}}=7.673$$

According to the evaluation rating system (Table) of ecological and health tourism resources of class I–V (Table 4), the comprehensive evaluation rating of ecological and health tourism resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park is class II (good), which is suitable for the development of related tourism activities of moderate intensity.

6. Conclusions and Discussion

6.1. Conclusions

Through the DHGF model algorithm, the evaluation factor model is constructed to contain 20 relevant impact evaluation factors. Taking the ecological and permaculture tourism resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park as an example, it provides a precise case for the study of ecological and permaculture tourism resources in China. The unique natural ecological environment of Hong Kong Wetland Park, the innate watershed ecological permaculture resources, and tourism advantage resources are closely integrated, and the data analysis shows that the ecological permaculture resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park belong to level II: a good level. This not only shows that the ecological and health resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park are suitable for tourism activities with the purpose of “health” but also validates that the DHGF algorithm model is an effective method for factor-level analysis in the process of comprehensive evaluation of regional ecological and health tourism resources.

The analysis of the above data shows that the unique natural ecological environment of the Hong Kong Wetland Park, the human health resources, and the superior ecological environment, ecological capacity, and traffic accessibility are closely integrated with the superior geographical location and the strong support and development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which makes the ecological health resources of the Hong Kong Wetland Park belong to the superior level II. To a certain extent, the ecological and health resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park are suitable for tourism activities with the purpose of “health” in the context of the “Health China 2030 Plan” [53,54].

6.2. Discussion

Along with the upgrade of consumption ability and the increase of people’s consciousness of recreation status in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area, the superior strip of Hong Kong Wetland Park with good natural resources and rich human resources can help accelerate the transformation and development of regional tourism industry in Hong Kong and Macao through the utilization and development of ecological and health tourism resources. In this paper, DHGF algorithm is used to construct an evaluation factor model containing 20 relevant impact evaluation factors to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the study area. The results show that the ecological and permaculture resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park belong to the level of II, which indicates a good level. This reflects that the ecological and health resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park are suitable for tourism activities with the purpose of “health” from the surface level.

However, there are some limitations in this paper. Due to the local data of collection, only 5 out of 20 impact factors are external factors, and less consideration is given to external factors. When the relevant data are available in the future, the data of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, and the Greater Bay Area will be calculated as external influence factors to obtain more accurate analysis results and effective suggestions.

7. Suggestions

7.1. Establish a Standardized Government Management System

According to the analysis of the above research indicators, in the three-level factor evaluation index system of eco-health tourism resources in Hong Kong Wetland Park, the ranking of accessibility is 19, and the ranking of accommodation environment and basic medical treatment in the health infrastructure are 16 and 15, respectively. Therefore, the government should strengthen the improvement of the three-level factor index of the Wetland Park, incorporating accessibility and infrastructure into local tourism planning. The government is the strong backing of regional tourism development [55], and regional health tourism is incorporated into the local tourism master plan. Relying on national policy tendency the role of the government as a functional department should be supported and given full play. With the master plan for the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we must subdivide the management level departments at all levels to further develop and refine the local ecological and health tourism laws and regulations, combine ecological and health tourism resources with the health industry, give full play to its resource advantages and benefits, and enhance the status of ecological and health tourism resources in the tourism industry.

7.2. Explore the Ecological Health Tourism Resources with the Concept of “Original Ecological Green Health of Water”

The second-level factor index environmental quality is an important factor in the evaluation of wetland park tourism resources; notably, the D₁₀ water environmental factor weight index accounts for 0.033, ranking 6th and fully indicating that water environmental factors play an important role in the research of wetland park as the target area. It plays an important role in the sustainable development of wetland park ecological health. Hong Kong region is known as the “financial capital”; along with the aggravation of urban environmental pollution, in the noisy urban environment, people can still have quiet native waters. The Hong Kong Wetland Park has innate ecological resources for water tourism, and “pristine” ecological resources such as unpolluted water and natural oxygen bars lay the foundation for the development of water ecotourism [56]. To make use of the “original ecological” factors, on the basis of ecotourism sightseeing tours, we should fully exploit its “original ecological health” function and in-depth excavation of the ecological health resources of Hong Kong wetlands to improve the attractiveness of ecotourism products so as to essentially capture the original intention of the consumer “ecological health” health concept.

7.3. Cultivate Composite Talents of “Recreation Tourism + Ecological Health” in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The strong development momentum of the big health industry will usher in a group of “big health” skill-compounded talents [57,58]. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a key area for development in China, and the Wetland Parks have a natural water ecological culture, which will usher in a new wave of health tourism in this new wave of the big health industry. According to the weights of the evaluation factors, the human health resources, the accessibility of tourist attractions, and the health infrastructure construction (D₁₉ and D₂₀) all play an important role in the resource factors of Hong Kong Wetland Park. The weight of service standard quality of the technical personnel is 0.008. Therefore, human factors should be actively developed while developing wetland tourism in Hong Kong. To promote the development of wetland tourism in Hong Kong with “talents”, with the strong drive of the consumer market, the demand for the composite talents of “health tourism + ecological health” will surge. We should establish a think tank of “big health” composite talents in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and the Macao Bay Area. Through the introduction of talents and other ways to introduce a number of high level business-oriented talents for the local health and wellness industry services, we must adopt the dual mechanism of “Hong Kong school training + industry training” for the supply of talent sources. Let universities with medical and health care and tourism majors train talents on an order basis and retrain the original tourism workers to acquire new skills through industry training based on the original skills.

7.4. Create a Four-Dimensional Integration of “Ecology + Health + Health + Tourism” in the Greater Bay Area

According to the above data, the weights of the first, second, and third factor evaluation indexes of the ecological health tourism resources of Hong Kong Wetland Park show that Hong Kong Wetland Park is an integrated tourism type, integrating ecological tourism, health tourism, and wetland tourism. In order to promote the development of wetland tourism in the Greater Bay Area, it is necessary to establish a complex industry model based on “integration of big industries”. In 2022, the Central Document No. 1 [59,60] pointed out that we should rely on industrial integration development to promote the extension of the industrial chain. In the context of industrial integration, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should combine the tourism industry and the health industry, optimize the internal structure of the industry, and design a diversified and systematic creation of “ecology + health + health + tourism” four-dimensional integration of composite ecological health tourism products to serve consumers to promote the development of Hong Kong Wetland Park’s ecological health tourism industry in the direction of the new, multi-dimensional big health industry and lay the foundation for the development of big health in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Bay Area.