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Hematology Reports
Volume 6
Issue 2
10.4081/hr.2014.5381
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Article

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry to Detect Hematogones and to Assess B-Lymphocyte Clonality in Bone Marrow Samples from Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

by
Giovanni Carulli
1,*,
Virginia Ottaviano
1,
Valentina Guerri
1,
Stefano Giuntini
1,
Paola Sammuri
1,
Eugenio M. Ciancia
2 and
Antonio Azzarà
1
1
Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2
Second Division of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hematol. Rep. 2014, 6(2), 5381; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2014.5381
Submission received: 4 March 2014 / Revised: 25 May 2014 / Accepted: 3 June 2014 / Published: 26 June 2014

Abstract

Hematogones are precursors of B-lymphocytes detected in small numbers in the bone marrow. Flow cytometry is the most useful tool to identify hematogones and, so far, 4-color methods have been published. In addition, flow cytometry is used in the diagnosis and follow-up of lymphomas. We developed a flow cytometric 7-color method to enumerate hematogones and to assess B-lymphocyte clonality for routine purposes. We evaluated 171 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, either at diagnosis or in the course of follow-up. By our diagnostic method, which was carried out by the combination K/λ/CD20/CD19/CD10/CD45/CD5, we were able to detect hematogones in 97.6% of samples and to distinguish normal B-lymphocytes, neoplastic lymphocytes and hematogones in a single step. The percentage of hematogones showed a significant inverse correlation with the degree of neoplastic infiltration and, when bone marrow samples not involved by disease were taken into consideration, resulted higher in patients during follow-up than in patients evaluated at diagnosis.
Keywords: B-lymphocytes; bone marrow; hematogones; multiparameter flow cytometry; non-Hodgkin lymphomas B-lymphocytes; bone marrow; hematogones; multiparameter flow cytometry; non-Hodgkin lymphomas

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MDPI and ACS Style

Carulli, G.; Ottaviano, V.; Guerri, V.; Giuntini, S.; Sammuri, P.; Ciancia, E.M.; Azzarà, A. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry to Detect Hematogones and to Assess B-Lymphocyte Clonality in Bone Marrow Samples from Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Hematol. Rep. 2014, 6, 5381. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2014.5381

AMA Style

Carulli G, Ottaviano V, Guerri V, Giuntini S, Sammuri P, Ciancia EM, Azzarà A. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry to Detect Hematogones and to Assess B-Lymphocyte Clonality in Bone Marrow Samples from Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Hematology Reports. 2014; 6(2):5381. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2014.5381

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carulli, Giovanni, Virginia Ottaviano, Valentina Guerri, Stefano Giuntini, Paola Sammuri, Eugenio M. Ciancia, and Antonio Azzarà. 2014. "Multiparameter Flow Cytometry to Detect Hematogones and to Assess B-Lymphocyte Clonality in Bone Marrow Samples from Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas" Hematology Reports 6, no. 2: 5381. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2014.5381

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