Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Studies of the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process
2.2. Finite Element Analysis of the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process
2.3. Validation of the Numerical Model
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Stress-State Indicator σ1/σi
4.2. Effective Strain εi
4.3. Ovalisation of the Cross-Section of the Forging
5. Concept of Reducing the Cross-Section of Ovalisation during Cross-Wedge Rolling
5.1. FEM Model of Cross-Wedge Rolling with Concave Tools
5.2. Results of FEM Analysis
5.3. Analysis of Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
- The size of the resulting material crack is dependent on the size of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the CWR-rolled forging;
- As the ovality of the forging cross-section increases during the CWR process, the value of the normalised Cockcroft–Latham damage criterion increases, and the size of the resulting crack increases;
- The use of concave tools reduces the size of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the forging in the CWR process and reduces the value of the normalised Cockcroft–Latham damage criterion;
- The smallest value of the normalised Cockcroft–Latham damage criterion was recorded for a concave tool with a radius of curvature R = 5000 mm.
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Temperature (°C) | dmax (mm) | dmin (mm) | Δd = dmax − dmin (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
950 | 25.37 | 21.61 | 3.76 |
1050 | 25.17 | 21.81 | 3.36 |
1150 | 24.75 | 22.03 | 2.72 |
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Bulzak, T. Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools. Materials 2022, 15, 6605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196605
Bulzak T. Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools. Materials. 2022; 15(19):6605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196605
Chicago/Turabian StyleBulzak, Tomasz. 2022. "Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools" Materials 15, no. 19: 6605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196605