Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Diatom Biomass | C | O | Si | Ca | P | Fe | S | Mg | K | Cl |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
600 °C | 24.79 | 37.14 | 15.12 | 18.37 | 1.85 | 1.26 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 1.08 | 0.07 |
800 °C | 22.12 | 36.53 | 18.30 | 18.69 | 1.19 | 1.46 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 1.13 | 0.06 |
1100 °C | 15.14 | 29.01 | 12.37 | 39.77 | 1.59 | 1.01 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.38 | 0.01 |
Band | Raman Shift (cm−1) | Vibration Mode |
---|---|---|
D1 | ~1200 | In-plane, due to disorder or/and impurities (A1g symmetry) |
D | ~1350 | Disordered graphitic lattice (A1g symmetry) |
D2 | ~1500 | Amorphous/diamond like carbon (sp3 hybridized carbon) |
G | ~1500 | In-plane, C-C stretch. (E2g symmetry) |
D3 | ~1610 | Disordered graphitic lattice (E2g symmetry) |
Electrode Material | Band (cm−1) | La (nm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | D | D2 | G | D3 | ||
DB@C at 600 °C | 1201 | 1349 | 1540 | 1583 | 1610 | 2.2 |
DB@C at 800 °C | 1195 | 1347 | 1529 | 1578 | 1609 | 2.0 |
DB@C at 1100 °C | 1183 | 1347 | 1535 | 1581 | 1611 | 1.7 |
Material | Final Discharge Capacity at Current Density | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
40 mA g−1 | 100 mA g−1 | 500 mA g−1 | 40 mA g−1 | |
DB@C at 600 °C | 450 | 340 | 240 | 460 |
DB@C at 800 °C | 350 | 240 | 160 | 350 |
DB@C at 1100 °C | 340 | 230 | 150 | 320 |
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Nowak, A.P.; Sprynskyy, M.; Wojtczak, I.; Trzciński, K.; Wysocka, J.; Szkoda, M.; Buszewski, B.; Lisowska-Oleksiak, A. Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Materials 2020, 13, 1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071673
Nowak AP, Sprynskyy M, Wojtczak I, Trzciński K, Wysocka J, Szkoda M, Buszewski B, Lisowska-Oleksiak A. Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Materials. 2020; 13(7):1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071673
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowak, Andrzej P., Myroslav Sprynskyy, Izabela Wojtczak, Konrad Trzciński, Joanna Wysocka, Mariusz Szkoda, Bogusław Buszewski, and Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak. 2020. "Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes" Materials 13, no. 7: 1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071673