Research Progress of SPH Simulations for Complex Multiphase Flows in Ocean Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The SPH method is suitable for handling large deformations and fast-moving free surfaces, as well as splashing discrete droplets, which is challenging to accomplish with grid-based methods.
- SPH particles automatically capture and generate multiphase flow interfaces, which is beneficial for dealing with the coupling of multi-physics fields.
2. The Basic Theory and Developments of SPH Models
2.1. A Brief Recall of SPH Methods
2.2. Improved SPH Models
2.2.1. -SPH Mdel
2.2.2. -SPH Model
2.2.3. SPH Model Based on Riemann Solvers
2.2.4. SPH Model with Summation-Based Density
3. Research Progress for Multiphase SPH Models and Numerical Techniques
3.1. Surface Tension Calculation
3.2. Techniques to Improve Interface Continuity and Sharpness
3.3. Phase-Change Model
3.4. Turbulence Models in SPH Framework
3.5. SPH Models for Simulating Granular Multiphase Flows
3.6. Multi-Resolution Techniques
3.7. High Performance Computing Techniques
4. Multiphase Flows under Atmospheric Pressure
4.1. Influence of Multiphase Effects for Some Typical Problems in Ocean Engineering
4.2. SPH Simulations for Multiphase Flows under Atmospheric Pressure
5. High-Pressure Multiphase Flows with Strongly-Compressible Effects
5.1. Transient Strongly-Compressible Problems
5.2. Long-Period Bubble Pulsation Problems
6. Multiphase Flows with Phase Change
6.1. Cavitating Multiphase Flows
6.1.1. A Brief Introduction of Cavitating Multiphase Flows
6.1.2. SPH Simulations of Cavitation Problems
6.2. Solid–Liquid Phase-Change Multiphase Flows
6.2.1. Numerical Simulations of Solid–Liquid Phase-Change Problems
6.2.2. SPH Simulations of Icing Process
7. Granular Multiphase Flows
7.1. A Brief Introduction of Granular Multiphase Flows
7.2. SPH Simulations of the Water–Sand Two-Phase Flows
8. Summary and Outlook
- In terms of computational accuracy and efficiency, the completeness of SPH methods and the order of numerical convergence need to be further improved. The multi-level resolution technique also needs to be improved to achieve computational accuracy with a smaller number of particles.
- In strongly compressible multiphase flow problems, there is still a need for further development of adaptive particle volume and reflection-free boundary techniques under extreme compressible problems, as well as more accurate energy calculation methods. The temperature term needs to be added to the governing equations, which can accurately simulate the shock wave development and energy changes in strongly compressible problems.
- In terms of application areas, turbulence models, cavitation models, and water–sand mixture models within the framework of SPH theory need further development. The simulation ability in high Reynolds number flows, phase-change problems, and solid–liquid mixed media problems need to be further enhanced. SPH models of water–air and water–sand mixtures based on the volume fraction need to be further developed. The simulation of water-bubble mixing flows with high-speed boats and the simulation of sediment movements with the coastal evolution both require further development.
- At present, several multi-resolution techniques are hard to be implemented on GPU, which limits their wide applications in engineering simulations. Therefore, in future studies, these techniques need to be further improved in terms of compatibility with GPU parallelization.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SPH | Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics |
NS | Navier–Stokes |
CFD | Computational Fluid Dynamics |
FVM | Finite Volume method |
VOF | Volume of Fluid |
LSM | Level Set Method |
CFL | Courant Friedrichs Lewy |
TI | Tensile Instability |
TIC | Tensile Instability Control |
AMR | Adaptive Mesh Refinement |
ALE | Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian |
ISPH | Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics |
GSPH | Godunov SPH |
MPS | Moving Particle Semi-implicit |
PPE | Pressure Poisson Equation |
WCSPH | Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics |
TENO-SPH | Targeted Essentially Non-Oscillatory SPH |
CPM | Consistent Particle Method |
PST | Particle Shifting Technique |
OpenMP | Open Multi-Processing |
MPI | Massage Passing Interface |
CUDA | Compute Unified Device Architecture |
APR | Adaptive Particle Refinement |
ASR | Adaptive Spatial Resolution |
AMR | Adaptive Mesh Refinement |
VAS | Volume Adaptive Scheme |
CPU(s) | Central Processing Unit(s) |
GPU(s) | Graphics Processing Unit(s) |
EOS | Equation of State |
CSF | Continuum Surface Force |
CCSF | Contoured Continuum Surface Force |
LES | Large Eddy Simulation |
DNS | Direct Numerical Simulation |
RANS | Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes |
DEM | Discrete Element Method |
SLD | Supercooled Large Droplets |
FVPM | Finite Volume ParticleMethod |
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Benchmark Tests | Comparison Results | References |
---|---|---|
Oscillating drop under a central force field | Analytic solutions | Monaghan et al. [57] Khayyer et al. [58] Hammani et al. [59] |
2-D SPH Validation: Effect of wet bottom on dam break evolution | Experimental results | M Jánosi et al. [60] Crespo et al. [61] Yang et al. [62] |
Sloshing with air entrapment | Experimental results | Souto-Iglesias et al. [63,64] |
Wave impact with air entrapment | Experimental results | Luo et al. [65] Sun et al. [66] |
Bubbles rising and coelleasing | Experimental results | Bhaga et al. [67] Brereton et al. [68] Zhang et al. [14] |
Underwater explosion | Experimental results | Li, Cui, Ming et al. [12,15,16] Sun et al. [69,70] |
Cavitating flows | Experimental results | Huang et al. [71] Müller et al. [72] Lyu et al. [73] |
Icing process | Experimental results | Šikalo et al. [74] Cui et al. [75] |
Granular multiphase flows | Experimental results | Sun et al. [76] Ghaitanellis et al. [77] Xie et al. [78] |
Open-Source Packages | Features | Softwares | Features |
---|---|---|---|
SPHinXsys | Riemann SPH, Complex boundary, Elastic solid calculation | LS-DYNA | Coupling with FEM |
DualSPHysics | GPU Parallelism, High precision, High efficiency, | ABAQUS | Coupling with FEM |
AQUAgpusph | GPU Parallelism, OpenCL, Python scripts | nanoFluidX | GPU Parallelism, Complex boundary Mutiphase flows |
GPUSPH | GPU Parallelism, High efficiency, Wave conditions | SimArk | GPU Parallelism, Ocean engineering |
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Guan, X.-S.; Sun, P.-N.; Lyu, H.-G.; Liu, N.-N.; Peng, Y.-X.; Huang, X.-T.; Xu, Y. Research Progress of SPH Simulations for Complex Multiphase Flows in Ocean Engineering. Energies 2022, 15, 9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239000
Guan X-S, Sun P-N, Lyu H-G, Liu N-N, Peng Y-X, Huang X-T, Xu Y. Research Progress of SPH Simulations for Complex Multiphase Flows in Ocean Engineering. Energies. 2022; 15(23):9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239000
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuan, Xiang-Shan, Peng-Nan Sun, Hong-Guan Lyu, Nian-Nian Liu, Yu-Xiang Peng, Xiao-Ting Huang, and Yang Xu. 2022. "Research Progress of SPH Simulations for Complex Multiphase Flows in Ocean Engineering" Energies 15, no. 23: 9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239000