Numerical Simulation on Erosion Wear Law of Pressure-Controlled Injection Tool in Solid Fluidization Exploitation of the Deep-Water Natural Gas Hydrate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Working Mechanism of PCIT
2.1. Stage 1: Horizontal Drilling Process
2.2. Stage 2: NGH Crushing and Cavity Making
2.3. Stage 3: Multi-Angle Directional Mining
2.4. Stage 4: Multi-Level Mining
3. Governing Equations
3.1. Liquid-Phase Governing Equations
3.2. Erosion Model
3.3. Erosion Wear Flow Field Geometric Model and Meshing
3.4. Simulation Parameters and Boundary Conditions
- (1)
- In the simulation process, the velocity inlet boundary condition was used, which is determined by the flow rate and the inlet size of the PCIT. At the same time, the inlet velocity of the solid-phase particles was set to be the same as the fluid velocity, and the outlet adopted the pressure outlet boundary condition.
- (2)
- In this paper, the standard wall function method was chosen to correct the results. The specific definition value in the reflection wall model was determined by the wall collision recovery equation. The impact angle function was defined as a linear value, as shown in Table 1.
4. Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results
4.1. Prediction of Erosion Location
4.2. Influence of Drilling Fluid Physical Parameters on Erosion Rate
4.2.1. Influence of Drilling Fluid Flow on Erosion Rate
4.2.2. Influence of Solid-Phase Particle Mass Flow on Erosion Rate
4.2.3. Influence of Solid-Phase Particle Diameter on Erosion Rate
4.3. Influence of PCIT Structural Parameters on Erosion
4.3.1. Influence of the Sliding Core Inlet Angle on Erosion Rate
4.3.2. Influence of Plug Angle on Erosion Rate
4.3.3. Influence of Plug Transition Distance on Erosion Rate
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- There are four erosion-prone areas in the PCIT, including the sliding core cone, the plug transition section, the plug surface, and the axial flow passage. These four areas should be considered and strengthened in the design and processing.
- (2)
- The maximum erosion rate and erosion area in the easy erosion area increase with the increase of solid particle diameter. The average maximum erosion rate increased by 63.4 times when the particle size changed from 0.1 to 1.1 mm, which exceeded other influencing factors such as mass flow rate and drilling fluid flow rate. Therefore, it was considered that the solid particle diameter was the main factor affecting the growth of the maximum erosion rate. When the solid particle diameter was less than 0.3 mm, the erosion of each part of the PCIT was better. The particle size of solid particles should be strictly controlled when configuring the drilling fluid, which can significantly reduce erosion.
- (3)
- With the increase of the sliding core inlet angle, the erosion of the sliding core cone is intensified. Therefore, considering the relationship between pressure drop, erosion rate, and inlet angle, the sliding core inlet angle should preferably be set to 30°. Under the same flow conditions, an inlet angle of 30° can cause the largest possible pressure drop while greatly improving the erosion of the sliding core cone. At the same time, the top angle of the plug should be set to 60°, and the distance of the plug transition section should be greater than 30 mm, so that the erosion rate of the plug surface and the plug transition section can be effectively reduced.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Impact Angle (°) | |
---|---|
0 | 0 |
20 | 0.8 |
30 | 1 |
45 | 0.5 |
90 | 0.4 |
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Tang, Y.; Zhao, P.; Fang, X.; Wang, G.; Zhong, L.; Li, X. Numerical Simulation on Erosion Wear Law of Pressure-Controlled Injection Tool in Solid Fluidization Exploitation of the Deep-Water Natural Gas Hydrate. Energies 2022, 15, 5314. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155314
Tang Y, Zhao P, Fang X, Wang G, Zhong L, Li X. Numerical Simulation on Erosion Wear Law of Pressure-Controlled Injection Tool in Solid Fluidization Exploitation of the Deep-Water Natural Gas Hydrate. Energies. 2022; 15(15):5314. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155314
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Yang, Peng Zhao, Xiaoyu Fang, Guorong Wang, Lin Zhong, and Xushen Li. 2022. "Numerical Simulation on Erosion Wear Law of Pressure-Controlled Injection Tool in Solid Fluidization Exploitation of the Deep-Water Natural Gas Hydrate" Energies 15, no. 15: 5314. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155314