Thermal Performance Analysis of a Solar Reactor Designed for Syngas Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Model Description
2.2. Simulation Setup
2.3. Assumptions
- (a)
- The gas used in the simulation was nitrogen and assumed to be weakly compressible (0.01 absorption coefficient and zero scattering effect);
- (b)
- Opaque gray diffused surface was neglected;
- (c)
- The solar thermal energy distribution inside the reactor was assumed as a steady-state solver;
- (d)
- The simulation was conducted by assuming that boundaries, radiate walls and the temperature flow in the cavity were uniform and not varied;
- (e)
- The P1 radiation models selected for heat transfer were coupled with shallow channel approximation;
- (f)
- The initial temperature at the beginning of the simulation was 293.15 K and this temperature included the walls, cavity and the nitrogen gas inside the reactor;
- (g)
- The walls were made of zirconia (ZrO2eY2O3) and 3Al2O3–2SiO2 (mullite) solid (36% porosity), and the wall thickness and emissivity were 0.4 cm and ɛ = 0.7, respectively.
2.4. Governing Equations
2.5. Boundary Conditions
2.6. Model Validation
2.7. Grid Independent Tests
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. General Heat and Fluid Flow
3.2. Impact of the Insulated Layer Thickness and Insulator Type on the Outlet Tube Design
3.3. Impact of Wall Materials on Reactor Thermal Performance
3.4. Impact of Inlet Tube Insulation
3.5. Impact of Mass Flow Rate on Thermal Performance
3.6. Impact of Thermal Performance on Inlet Condition
3.7. Instantaneous Temperature Distribution
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Specific heat capacity | J/(kg·K) | |
G | Incident radiation intensity | W/m2 |
h | Thermal flux coefficient | W/(m2/K) |
I | Radiation intensity | W/(m2·sr−1) |
k | Thermal conductivity | J/ (m·K) |
T | Temperature | K |
nr | Refraction index | - |
P | Pressure | Pa |
Qrad | Radiation heat source | W/m3 |
u | Velocity vector | m/s |
Greek symbol | ||
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 1/K | |
Emissivity | - | |
Absorption constant | 1/m | |
Dynamic viscosity | Pa·s | |
Fluid density | kg/m3 | |
Scattering coefficient | 1/m | |
Stefan–Boltzmann constant | W/(m2·K4) | |
Φ | Scattering phase angle | radian |
Ω | Solid angle | Steradian (sr) |
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Section | Boundary Type | Mass Flow | Energy |
---|---|---|---|
Inlet tube one (KM) | Laminar–Inlet | Mass flow rate | Temperature 293.15 (K) |
Inlet tub two (LG) | Laminar–Inlet | Mass flow rate (kg/s) | Temperature 273.15(K) |
Irradiated walls or diffused surface (edges of the frustum) | Walls | 0.0 | |
External Boundaries (AB, BC and CD) | Wall | 0.0 | |
Quartz window (NR) | Wall | 0.0 | |
Outlet (EF) | Pressure outlet |
Rounding to Three Digits | |||
---|---|---|---|
19,249 | 21.6 | 0.1122 | 0.112 |
31,952 | 7.7 | 0.0241 | 0.024 |
32,461 | 3.2 | 0.00985 | 0.01 |
27,690 | 1 | 0.0036 | 0.004 |
42,348 | 1.3 | 0.0031 | 0.003 |
124,396 | 1.6 | 0.0013 | 0.001 |
75,279 | 0.6 | 0.000797 | 0.001 |
109,052 | 0.2 | 0.000183 | 0 |
172,356 | 0.5 | 0.0002900 | 0 |
300,703 | 0.6 | 0.0001900 | 0 |
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Getahun Dessie, Y.; Guene Lougou, B.; Hong, Q.; Heping, T.; Juqi, Z.; Baohai, G.; Md Arafat, I. Thermal Performance Analysis of a Solar Reactor Designed for Syngas Production. Energies 2020, 13, 3405. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133405
Getahun Dessie Y, Guene Lougou B, Hong Q, Heping T, Juqi Z, Baohai G, Md Arafat I. Thermal Performance Analysis of a Solar Reactor Designed for Syngas Production. Energies. 2020; 13(13):3405. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133405
Chicago/Turabian StyleGetahun Dessie, Yabibal, Bachirou Guene Lougou, Qi Hong, Tan Heping, Zhang Juqi, Gao Baohai, and Islam Md Arafat. 2020. "Thermal Performance Analysis of a Solar Reactor Designed for Syngas Production" Energies 13, no. 13: 3405. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133405