Contribution of Autophagy to Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Stress Adaptation in Alternaria alternata
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. AaAtg8 Plays a Role in Iron Uptake during A. alternata Infection
2.2. AaAtg8-Mediated Autophagy Regulates the Production of Intra- and Extracellular Siderophores
2.3. AaAtg8 Influences the Expression of Genes Related to Siderophore Production and Iron Acquisition
2.4. AaAtg8 Is Required to Maintain Cellular Iron Homeostasis
2.5. Autophagy Regulates Iron Utilization and Promotes Oxidative Stress Resistance
2.6. Excess Iron Triggers Autophagy and Lipid Peroxidation in A. alternata
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Fungal Strains and Culture Conditions
4.2. Sensitivity Assays
4.3. Virulence Tests
4.4. Prussian Blue Staining
4.5. Analysis of Siderophores
4.6. Quantitative RT-PCR and Gene Expression Analyses
4.7. Fluorescence Microscopy
4.8. sGFP-AaAtg8 Proteolysis Assay
4.9. MDA Measurement
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wu, P.-C.; Choo, Y.-L.; Wei, S.-Y.; Yago, J.I.; Chung, K.-R. Contribution of Autophagy to Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Stress Adaptation in Alternaria alternata. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021123
Wu P-C, Choo Y-L, Wei S-Y, Yago JI, Chung K-R. Contribution of Autophagy to Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Stress Adaptation in Alternaria alternata. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(2):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021123
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Pei-Ching, Yen-Ling Choo, Sian-Yong Wei, Jonar I. Yago, and Kuang-Ren Chung. 2024. "Contribution of Autophagy to Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Stress Adaptation in Alternaria alternata" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2: 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021123