Circadian Regulation of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis
3. Roles of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of RA
4. Outline of Mammalian Circadian Clocks
5. Circadian Regulation of Inflammatory Macrophages
6. Circadian Regulation of Macrophages by the CLOCK/BMAL1 Complex
7. Circadian Regulation of Macrophages by PER, CRY, and Rev-erb
8. Osteoclastogenesis and Inflammation
9. Circadian Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis
Depletion Methods | Bone Mass | Osteoclasto-Genesis | References |
---|---|---|---|
Ctsk promoter-driven Bmal1 KO | Increased | Decreased | [57] |
Bmal1 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells | Not applicable | Increased | [60] |
Ctsk promoter-driven Bmal1 KO | Normal | Normal | [61] |
Bmal1-/- (germline) | Decreased | Increased | [63] |
Bmal1-/- (germline) | Decreased | Increased | [65] |
Osx promoter-driven Bmal1 KO | Decreased | Increased | [65] |
10. Chronotherapy
11. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
ACPA | anti-citrullinated protein antibody |
AP-1 | activator protein 1 |
BMDM | bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage |
CAPRA | Circadian Administration of Prednisone in RA |
CIA | collagen-induced arthritis |
Ctsk | cathepsin K |
CCL2 | C-C- motif ligand 2 |
CRP | C-reactive protein |
CXCL1 | C-X-C motif ligand 1 |
DMARD | disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug |
GM-CSF | granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor |
HALO | hours after the light was turned on |
IFN | interferon |
IFR3 | interferon regulatory factor 3 |
IL-1 | interleukin-1 |
FLS | fibroblast-like synoviocyte |
H3K27ac | acetylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 |
H3K27me3 | trimethylation of lysine 27 in histone H3 |
HMGB1 | high mobility group box 1 |
JAK | Janus kinase |
KO | knockout |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
M-CSF | macrophage-colony stimulating factor |
MLS | macrophage-like synoviocyte |
MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
MTX | methotrexate |
Nfatc1 | nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 |
NF-kB | nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 |
NK cell | natural killer cell |
NKT cell | natural killer T cell |
Opg | osteoprotegerin |
PAS | Per-Armt-Sim domain |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PRR | pattern recognition receptor |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
RANKL | receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand |
Rev-erbα | reverse orientation c-erbAα |
RORα | retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α |
RRE | Rev-erb/ROR response element |
SAA | serum amyloid A |
TGFβ | transforming growth factor β |
TLR2 | toll-like receptor 2 |
WT | wild type |
ZT | Zeitgeber Time |
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Kikyo, N. Circadian Regulation of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512307
Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(15):12307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512307
Chicago/Turabian StyleKikyo, Nobuaki. 2023. "Circadian Regulation of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15: 12307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512307