Oligomerization of Human Cystatin C—An Amyloidogenic Protein: An Analysis of Small Oligomeric Subspecies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Behaviour of Human Cystatin C under Various pH Conditions
2.2. Characterization of Oligomeric Species Present in HCC Solution at pH 3
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Protein Expression and Purification
4.2. Protein Oligomerization
4.3. Dynamic Light Scattering
4.4. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
4.5. SAXS Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | RG [nm] | Dmax [nm] | RH [nm] |
---|---|---|---|
Glycine pH 2.2 | 3.91 ± 0.1 | 17.0 | 3.16 ± 0.1 |
Citric acid pH 3 | 3.42 ± 0.1 | 14.0 | 3.21 ± 0.06 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 | 2.64 ± 0.05 | 12.0 | 2.22 ± 0.06 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 + GdmCl | 2.98 ± 0.08 | 12.5 | 2.15 ± 0.06 |
Citric acid pH 5 | 2.41 ± 0.07 | 11.2 | 2.47 ± 0.15 |
MES pH 6 | 1.55 ± 0.04 | 6.0 | 1.50 ± 0.05 |
Citric acid pH 7 | 1.64 ± 0.05 | 6.7 | 1.51 ± 0.02 |
aCSF pH 7.4 | 1.76 ± 0.03 | 8.0 | 1.63 ± 0.05 |
PBS pH 7.4 | 1.63 ± 0.03 | 6.3 | 1.53 ± 0.05 |
PBS pH 7.4 + GdmCl | 1.63 ± 0.12 | 6.6 | 1.47 ± 0.05 |
Tricine pH 8.8 | 1.68 ± 0.07 | 6.2 | 1.48 ± 0.05 |
Glycine pH 10 | 1.73 ± 0.05 | 7.8 | 1.57 ± 0.07 |
Sample | Monomer | Dimer | Tetramer |
---|---|---|---|
pH 3 to pH 7.4 (PBS, First 10 min) | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
pH 3 to pH 7.4 (PBS, 20–1 h 20 min) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
pH 3 to pH 7.4 (20 mM Tris, 50 mM NaCl) | 0.00 | 1.00 | - |
pH 3 to pH 3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.99 |
Sample | Monomer | Dimer | Tetramer |
---|---|---|---|
Glycine pH 2.2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Citric acid pH 3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 | 0.00 | 0.85 | 0.15 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 + GdmCl | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.30 |
Citric acid pH 5 | 0.07 | 0.93 | - |
MES pH 6 | 0.97 | 0.03 | - |
Citric acid pH 7 | 0.84 | 0.16 | - |
aCSF pH 7.4 | 0.83 | 0.17 | - |
PBS pH 7.4 | 0.89 | 0.10 | - |
PBS pH 7.4 + GdmCl | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
Tricine pH 8.8 | 0.87 | 0.13 | - |
Glycine pH 10 | 0.85 | 0.15 | - |
Buffer | Final Buffer Composition 1 | pH 2 |
---|---|---|
Glycine pH 2.2 | 50 mM Glycine, 100 mM NaCl | 2.2 |
Citric acid pH 3 | 50 mM Citric acid, 100 mM NaCl | 3 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 | 50 mM Sodium acetate, 100 mM NaCl | 4 |
Sodium acetate pH 4 + GdmCl | 50 mM Sodium acetate, 100 mM NaCl, 0.2 M guanidinium chloride | 4 |
Citric acid pH 5 | 50 mM Citric acid, 100 mM NaCl | 5 |
MES pH 6 | 50 mM MES, 100 mM NaCl | 6 |
Citric acid pH 7 | 50 mM Citric acid, 100 mM NaCl | 7 |
aCSF pH 7.4 | 5.4 mM KCl, 5 mM Hepes, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 135 mM NaCl | 7.4 |
PBS pH 7.4 | 2.7 mM KCl, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 0.9 mM Na3PO4, 137 mM NaCl 3 | 7.4 |
PBS pH 7.4 + GdmCl | 2.7 mM KCl, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 0.9 mM Na3PO4, 137 mM NaCl 3, 0.2 M guanidinium chloride | 7.4 |
Tricine pH 8.8 | 50 mM Tricine, 100 mM NaCl | 8.8 |
Glycine pH 10 | 50 mM Glycine, 100 mM NaCl | 10 |
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Wojciechowska, D.; Taube, M.; Rucińska, K.; Maksim, J.; Kozak, M. Oligomerization of Human Cystatin C—An Amyloidogenic Protein: An Analysis of Small Oligomeric Subspecies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113441
Wojciechowska D, Taube M, Rucińska K, Maksim J, Kozak M. Oligomerization of Human Cystatin C—An Amyloidogenic Protein: An Analysis of Small Oligomeric Subspecies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113441
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciechowska, Daria, Michał Taube, Karolina Rucińska, Joanna Maksim, and Maciej Kozak. 2022. "Oligomerization of Human Cystatin C—An Amyloidogenic Protein: An Analysis of Small Oligomeric Subspecies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 13441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113441