mTOR as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Microbial Infections, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. mTOR Pathway at a Glance
3. mTOR Inhibitors
4. Therapeutic Role of mTOR Signaling in the Treatment of Microbial Infections
5. mTOR in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
6. mTOR and Colorectal Cancer
7. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. No. | Name of mTOR Inhibitor | Therapeutic Importance | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rapamycin (Sirolimus) |
| [80] [81] [82] [83] |
2 | Temsirolimus | Treat advanced Renal cancer | [77] |
3 | Everolimus |
| [84] [85] [86] |
4 | Ridaforolimus/Deforolimus |
| [87] [88] |
5 | Zotarolimus | Antitumor activity | [89] |
6 | Torin 1 | Suppress colon cancer cells | [90] |
7 | Torin 2 | Antitumor activity | [91] |
8 | MLN0128 | Advanced solid tumors | [92] |
9 | AZD2014 (Vistusertib) | Metastatic clear cell renal cancer | [92] |
10 | Voxtalisib (SAR24540; XL765) | non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic lymphoma that has relapsed or is refractory | [92] |
11 | Gedatolisib (PKI-587 PF05212384) | Recurrent endometrial cancer | [92] |
12 | Rapalink-1 |
| [77] |
13 | Halitulin analog ICSN3250 | It has the ability to compete with and interchange phospholipids acid in the mTOR FRB domain | [93] |
14 | LY3023414 |
| [94] |
15 | O SU-53 |
| [95] |
16 | OSI-027 | Anticancer | [96] |
17 | C C-223 | Anticancer | [97] |
18 | PKI-587 | Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine tumor disease | [98] |
19 | INK-128 | Inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in
| [99] |
20 | GSK2126458 | Robust activity in cancer models | [100] |
21 | XL765 | Glioblastoma development is inhibited by triggering ER stress-dependent apoptosis. | [101] |
22 | NVP-BEZ235 | Cancer cell proliferation is inhibited by this compound | [102] |
23 | P529 | Stops cancer cells from multiplying | [103] |
24 | JR-AB2-011 | Anti-glioblastoma multiforme properties | [104] |
Drugs | Mode of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Mesalamine | Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling pathway | [160] |
Tacrolimus, | Inhibition mTORC1 signaling pathway | [161,162,163] |
Everolimus | Inhibition mTORC1 signaling pathway | [162,163] |
Sirolimus | Inhibition mTORC1 signaling pathway | [142,163] |
Methotrexate | Promotes OXPHOS (Oxidative phosphorylation) by activating AMPK and blocking mTORC1 | [142] |
Corticosteroids | Inhibits glycolysis by blocking mTORC1 | [142] |
Aminosalicylates | Inhibits glycolysis by blocking mTORC1 | [142] |
Tacrolimus | Inhibits glycolysis by blocking mTORC1 | [142] |
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Afzal, O.; Altamimi, A.S.A.; Mubeen, B.; Alzarea, S.I.; Almalki, W.H.; Al-Qahtani, S.D.; Atiya, E.M.; Al-Abbasi, F.A.; Ali, F.; Ullah, I.; et al. mTOR as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Microbial Infections, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012470
Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Mubeen B, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Al-Qahtani SD, Atiya EM, Al-Abbasi FA, Ali F, Ullah I, et al. mTOR as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Microbial Infections, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colorectal Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(20):12470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012470
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfzal, Obaid, Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi, Bismillah Mubeen, Sami I. Alzarea, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Salwa D. Al-Qahtani, Eman M. Atiya, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Fatima Ali, Inam Ullah, and et al. 2022. "mTOR as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Microbial Infections, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colorectal Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20: 12470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012470