Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. GBNs as Drugs and Nanocarriers
2.1. GRs and GRQDs
2.2. GO and GOQDs
2.3. rGO
3. Impact of GBNs on Harmful Insects
4. Applications against Plant Patogenic Microorganisms
5. Effects of GBNs on Plants
5.1. Phytotoxic Impact
5.2. Beneficial Impact
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nanocomposites | Effects | Refs. |
---|---|---|
GO | toxicity to MDA-MB-231 cells | [114] |
GO | inhibition of E. coli | [121] |
GO | inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus | [125] |
GO | protection of A549 and TC28a2 cells against Rubella virus infection | [119] |
GO | antiangiogenic effect in primary human endothelial Huvec cells | [128] |
COOH-CO–99mTc | imaging agent | [129] |
Pluronic–COOH-GO–ZnO | toxicity to U87MG and U138MG cells | [130] |
PEG–GO + NIR irradiation | growth inhibition of HT29 cells (wound closure ability) | [134] |
GO, PCA–CA–GO, PCA–CA–FA–GO | inhibition cell cycle at G2/M phase of HepG2 cells depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential upregulation of ROS | [137] |
benzofurazans modified GO | inhibition of biofilm formation (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa) cytotoxic to HCT-116 cells | [127] |
functionalized (poly-l-lysine, CS, alginate, dextran, PEG, PVP, polyetherimide, AlO(OH) loaded with urease B, ovalbumin) GO | activation of cellular and humoral immunity | [122] |
Ag−GO | kills B. subtilis, E. faecalis, MRSA, S. aureus, E. coli, S. marcescens, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., S. liquefaciens, Proteus sp., E. cloacae, and P. aeruginosa | [140] |
Cu−GO | inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation alterations in biofilm architecture damaged production and distribution of exopolysaccharides dysregulated expression of exopolysaccharide-associated genes | [142] |
Au–GO | antioxidative activity ↑ cell viability of MSCs ↓ activity of platelets ↑ cell motility and differentiation of various MSCs-derived cell types ↓ induction of fibrotic formation ↓ M1 macrophage polarization ↑ induction of M2 macrophage ↑ endothelialization | [145] |
TiO2–GO + NIR irradiation | inhibition of S. mutans hyperthermia ROS generation | [143] |
polyaniline–MnOx–GOQDs + irradiation (365 nm) | antimicrobial activity to E.coli and S. aureus oxidative stress via generation of ·OH radicals and photogenerated holes | [144] |
PEG–GO loaded with anticancer drugs | controlled release of drugs and bioimaging | [132] |
FA–GO loaded with Pt anticancer drugs | ↑ cumulative release rate of drugsinhibition SKOV3 cells | [136] |
FA–GO loaded with raloxifene | pH-dependent drug release cytotoxic to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells | [135] |
mannose–CS–GO loaded with ulvan | pH-dependent-controlled release and targeted delivery to U87 cells | [131] |
Pluronic−GO loaded with DOX | apoptosis of U251 cells impact on MAPK signaling pathway activation of caspase-3 in U251 cells | [139] |
Au@Ag–Fe3O4–GO loaded with DOX | covalent binding to anti-HER2 antibody active and passive targeting of SKBR3 cells pH-dependent drug release | [146] |
Fe3O4@PEG–GO loaded with DOX | pH-dependent drug release ↑ apoptotic effects against MCF-7 cells | [151] |
PVP–Fe3O4–GO loaded with quercetin | pH-dependent drug release ↑ toxicity to MDA MB 231 cells | [147] |
β-cyclodextrin–cholic acid–hyaluronic acid–Fe3O4–GO loaded with camptothecin | multiple targeting (hepatic, CD44-receptor) ↑ local chemo-photothermal effects apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells release of drug | [148] |
SPION–PCL/CS–GO loaded with 5-FU + magnetic field | ↑ tumor site temperature ↓ plating efficiency of the cells ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio↓ growth of CT-26 cells | [149] |
γ-Fe2O3–GO–MitP loaded with MTX | release of drug ↓ ATP production ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential impairment of mitochondrial functions activation of apoptosis | [150] |
citric acid–CS–TEPA–rGO | inhibition of biofilm formation (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) (wound dressings) | [155] |
Ag–rGO | photoantimicrobial activities inactivation of S. aureus under blue-light irradiation | [160] |
Zn–hydroxyapatite–rGO | ↑ antibacterial activity ↑ enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity ↑ proliferation of mesenchymal stem | [161] |
ZnO–rGO | enhanced catechin release at acidic pH antiproliferative effect inhibition of biofilm formation ↑ ROS generation ↑ cell membrane damage ↑ cytochrome C release ↑ apoptosis | [162] |
FA–Au–rGO +NIR irradiation | improved generation of 1O2 high photothermal conversion efficiency destruction of MCF-7 cells | [159] |
arabinoxylan–CS–rGO loaded with sulfadiazine | controlled release of drug | [156] |
Pluronic–rGO loaded with buprenorphine | prolonged release of drug (treatment of chronic pain in osteoarthritis) | [157] |
Pluronic–rGO loaded with lidocaine | prolonged release of drug (prolonged effects of local anesthesia) | [158] |
GBNs | Insect | Dose of GBNs | Effects | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
GRQDs−cysteine protease from seeds of Albizia procera | Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica | 7 mg/g | ↓ number of eggs and larvae ↑ larval mortality ↓ adult eclosion | [170] |
GO | Ostrinia furnacalis | 500, 1000, 2000 μg/g | ↑ larval and pupal weights ↑ pupation rate ↓ larval development time ↑ cholesterol, lipids, and triacylglycerides ↑ trypsin-like serine protease, glutathione S-transferase, heat shock protein, and glycosyl-transferase | [164] |
GO-cyhalothrin GO-bifenthrin GO-fenpropathrin | Tetranychus urticae Koch | 37.5–300 μg/mL 31.25–250 μg/mL | ↑ activity of pesticides (based on IC50 values) temperature-responsive release | [176] |
GO | Bombyx mori ovary cell line larvae | >25 mg/L 25 mg/L | ↑ oxidative stress, ROS, DNA damage ↓ gonadosomatic index ↑ oxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activity ovary tissues ↓ number of oogonia and oocytes in ovarian tissues ↓ amount of spawning | [168] |
GO | Spodoptera frugiperda | 1000 μg/g of diet d.m. | ↓ fecundity and fertility ↓ efficiency of food conversion into biomass ↓ maximal approximate digestibility | [169] |
GO+β-cyfluthrin GO+monosultap GO+imidacloprid | Ostrinia furnacalis | 12.5–100 μg/mL 62.5–500 μg/mL 125–1000 μg/mL | ↑ mortality synergistic effect on insecticidal activity ↑ dehydratation of the insect shrinking of the cuticle and damage to cement layer structure | [177] |
GNMs | Plant (Cultivation Medium) | Dose of GNMs | Effects | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
GO, rGO, GOQDs | Capsicum annuum; soil | 0.25–25 mg/kg | ↓ intercellular CO2 ↓ Ca content ↓ transpiration rate ↓ stomatal conductance | [204] |
GO | Triticum aestivum; hydroponics + 10 or 20 mg/L As3+ or As5+ | 10 mg/L | ↑ oxidative stress ↑ damage in root plasma membranes ↓ complexation of As with glutathione ↓ macro-and micro-nutrient content | [205] |
glycine betaine−GO | Ocimum basilicum; hydroponics+ 50 and 100 mM NaCl | 50, 100 mg/L | ↑ agronomic characteristics ↑ contents of Chl, phenols, and proline ↑ membrane stability ↑ activities of antioxidant enzymes ↓ MDA and H2O2 content | [206] |
COOH−GQDsOH−GQDs | Lactuca sativa; hydroponics | 50 mg/L | ↓ root and shoot d.w. ↓ photosynthesis ↓ mineral nutrition ↑ ROS modulation of levels of phytohormones | [207] |
GO | Triticum aestivum; hydroponics | 200–800 mg/L | ↓ net NO3− influx in roots ↓ root length ↓ number of lateral roots ↓ root uptake area ↓ respiration ↑ DNA damage ↓ expression of nitrate transporters in roots | [208] |
GO | Oryza sativa; hydroponics | 100, 250 mg/L | ↓ shoot growth ↓ shoot biomass ↑ Fe translocation and accumulation ↑ acidification of medium downregulation of coumarins and flavonoids | [209] |
Ag−GO | Raphanus sativus Cucumis sativus Medicago sativa R. sativus, M. sativa, C. sativus; seed treatment+cultivation on filter paper | 0.2–1.6 g/L 0.2 g/L 0.8 g/L 0.2–1.6 mg/L 0.2–1.6 mg/L | ↑ shoot growth ↑ root growth ↓ root growth ↓ root growth ↑ H2O2 production | [210] |
GO | Oryza sativa (Cd-stressed); soil | 400 mg/L | ↓ transcript levels of Cd transporters ↓ net Cd influx of rice roots ↓ robustness of plants ↓ plant growth | [211] |
proline-GO | Dracocephalum moldavica; hydroponics + 50 and 100 mM NaCl | 50,100 mg/L | ↑ morphological parameters ↑ contents of Chl and proline ↑ Chl index (SPAD) ↑ membrane stability index ↑ antioxidant enzymes activities ↑ EO secondary metabolites ↓ MDA and H2O2 content | [212] |
GO | Lactuca sativa; hydroponics with 2 mg/L Cd; foliar spraying | 30 mg/L | ↑ total length, surface area, average diameter, and hair number of roots ↑ plant growth ↑ soluble sugar, protein, and vitamin C content ↓ Cd accumulation in plant organs ↑ plant tolerance to Cd | [213] |
GO | Cd-stressed Lactuca sativa; hydroponics | 30 mg/L | ↑ net photosynthetic rates ↑ stomatal conductance ↑ transpiration rates ↑ Chl content ↑ photochemical efficiency of PS II ↑ PET rates ↑ Rubisco levels ↑ plant biomass ↓ contents of O2·−, H2O2 and MDA ↓ activities of antioxidant enzymes | [214] |
GO | Betula pubescens; Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium | 1.5, 3 μg/L 15 μg/L 1.5–15 μg/L | ↑ shoot length ↑ number of leaves ↑ photosynthetic and CAT activity ↓ height of shoots ↓ number of stomata | [215] |
GR | Solanum lycopersicum; foliar spraying | 10–1000 mg/L | ↑ contents of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione ↑ contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins ↑ activities of APX, CAT, glutathione peroxidase and PAL | [216] |
GO | Plantago major; callus, 1/2 MS medium + drought stress | 800 g/L | ↓ growth rate and osmotic potential ↓ proline content ↑ dry matter and H2O2 ↑ TPC and TFC | [217] |
GO | Lepidium sativum; callus | 300 mg/L | ↑ TPC and TFC ↑ PAL activity ↑ DPPH activity ↑ callus fresh weight | [218] |
GO | Cd-stressed Lemna minor (50 μM CdCl2); Datko liquid medium | 100 mg/L | ↑ plant growth ↑ Cd content in fronds and roots up-regulation of 4471 genes down-regulation of 3230 genes | [219] |
GO | Cd-stressed Corchorus olitorius; hydroponics | 5 mg/L 20 mg/L | ↑ plant growth ↑ activities of antioxidant enzymes ↑ Cd uptake by plants ↑ Cd tolerance of plants ↓ oxidative stress ↓ plant growth ↓ Cd uptake ↑ oxidative stress | [220] |
AgNPs-GR | Stevia rebaudiana; soil | 40 mM 40, 60 mM | ↑ Chl content and increased ↑ contents of soluble sugars, flavonoids, phenols and proteins ↑ contents of stevioside and rebaudioside | [221] |
GR | Solanum lycopersicum (priming) | 10–100 mg/L | ↑ contents of Chl, vitamin C, β-carotene, phenols, flavonoids, and H2O2 ↑ activities of PAL), APX, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), SOD, and CAT | [222] |
GR | Zea mays; soil | 50 mg/L | ↑ root length, root volume, number of root tips, and forks upregulated expression of plant hormone signal transduction, nitrogen and potassium metabolism, and secondary metabolism in roots | [223] |
GO | Solanum lycopersicum; Murashige and Skoog medium | 50, 100 mg/L | ↑ shoot/stem growth ↑ biomass ↑ surface area of root tips and hairs ↑ expression of root development-related genes ↑ root auxin and number of fruits accelerated fruit ripening | [224] |
GQDs | Vigna radiata Solanum lycopersicum S. lycopersicum V. radiata; hydroponics | 250–1250 mg/L 250–500 mg/L 1000–1500 mg/L | ↑ Chl content ↑ Chl content ↑ contents of H2O2, MDA, proline, GSH ↑ glutathione reductase and CAT activities | [225] |
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Jampilek, J.; Kralova, K. Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116253
Jampilek J, Kralova K. Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(11):6253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116253
Chicago/Turabian StyleJampilek, Josef, and Katarina Kralova. 2022. "Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11: 6253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116253