Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhance Tumor Progression by Enhancing Premetastatic Niche Formation through the HIF-1α-LOX Axis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. RT-R-MDA-MB-231 Cells Showed Morphological Changes and Induced Colony Forming Ability and Proliferation
2.2. RT-R-MDA-MB-231 Cells Upregulated HIF-1α Expression and LOX Secretion
2.3. Mice with RT-R-MDA-MB-231 Xenografts Exhibited Increased Tumor Progression and Higher Level of CSC Markers CD44, Notch-4, and Oct3/4, But Not ALDH1
2.4. Mice Injected with RT-R-MDA-MB-231 Cells Showed Increased HIF-1α Expression Level, LOX Secretion, and Collagen Crosslinking and BMDC Recruitment to the Lungs Compared with Those Injected with MDA-MB-231 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Materials
5.2. Cell Culture and Establishment of RT-R-Breast Cancer Cells
5.3. Cell Proliferation Assay
5.4. Colony Formation Assay
5.5. Western Blot Analysis
5.6. Animal Experiments
5.7. Statistical Evaluations
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ALDH1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 |
BCSC | breast cancer stem cell |
BMDCs | bone marrow-derived dendritic cells |
CSC | cancer stem cell |
ECL | enhanced chemiluminescence |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
HIF | hypoxia inducible factor |
LOX | lysyl oxidase |
MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
NOD-SCID | non obese diabeticsevere combined immunodeficiency |
SDS-PAGE | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
SEM | standard error |
RIPA | Radioimmunoprecipitation assay |
RT-R | radiotherapy-resistant |
TNBC | triple negative breast cancer |
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Ko, Y.S.; Rugira, T.; Jin, H.; Joo, Y.N.; Kim, H.J. Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhance Tumor Progression by Enhancing Premetastatic Niche Formation through the HIF-1α-LOX Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218027
Ko YS, Rugira T, Jin H, Joo YN, Kim HJ. Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhance Tumor Progression by Enhancing Premetastatic Niche Formation through the HIF-1α-LOX Axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218027
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo, Young Shin, Trojan Rugira, Hana Jin, Young Nak Joo, and Hye Jung Kim. 2020. "Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhance Tumor Progression by Enhancing Premetastatic Niche Formation through the HIF-1α-LOX Axis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218027