Yeast Sup35 Prion Structure: Two Types, Four Parts, Many Variants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General Structure of Sup35 Prion
2.2. C-Terminal Core of the Rnq1 Prion
2.3. Weak and Strong [PSI+] Differ in Core 1 Structure
2.4. Additional Phenotypical Assays Distinguishing Weak and Strong [PSI+] Types
2.5. Manipulations with Core 2
2.6. Instability and Heterogeneity of [PSI+] Variants
2.7. Involvement of the PK-Protected Regions in Intermolecular Structure
3. Discussion
3.1. General Properties of the Sup35 Prion Core
3.2. Two Types of [PSI+]
3.3. Comparison of the Sup35 Fibrils Obtained in Vitro and in Vivo
3.4. Problems in Discrimination of [PSI+] Variants
3.5. Details of Sup35 Prion Structure
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Yeast Strains and Media
4.2. Selection and Characterization of [PSI+] Isolates
4.3. [PSI+] Variants Obtained in Nonstandard Ways
4.4. Plasmids
4.5. Prion Isolation From Yeast
4.6. PK Digestion and Mass Spectrometry
4.7. Nonsense Readthrough Measurement
4.8. PK Resistance Index Calculation
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PK | Proteinase K |
MS | Mass spectral |
MALDI-TOF | Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight |
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Weak [PSI+] | Strong [PSI+] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Core 2 | Core 3 | Name | Core 2 | Core 3 |
WS2 | 96,101–120 * | - | S-7 | 91–104 | - |
W2 | - | - | S-7-3 | 81–100 * | 125–148 |
W3 | 91–120 | - | S-7-4 | 82,92–100,113 * | - |
W-L2 | (91,96,101)–123 | 133–153* | S1 | 82–100,92–113 | - |
W-T7 | 81–100,92–120 | 133–149 | S1-R4 | 72,82–100 * | - |
W-Pb | 91–121 | - | S-L4 | 72,82–100 * | - |
W-R4b | (92,96)–(104,113,121) | 133–148 | S-L6 | - | - |
W-HT2889 | 91–122 | - | S-L20 | 82–100 | 91–144*† |
W-1111 | 91,96–120 | - | S-Pb | 92–115 | - |
W-1112 | 91–121 | - | S-R4b | 91–113 | - |
W-1112-R14a, R14b | 91–121 | - | S-Cl1 | 82,92–100,113 * | - |
W-VK | 96–(113,120) | - | S-Cl2 | - | - |
W-VL | - | - | S-VH0 | - | 125–148 |
S-1109 | 82–100 * | - | |||
Amyloid | S-VH | 82–100 | - | ||
Δ2-30 | 81–113 | - | S-W8 | 91–(104,113) | - |
S-W8-R14a | 91–121 | (125,133)–148 | |||
S-W8-R14b | 91–121 | - |
Variant | Original Name/Comment | Source/Reference |
---|---|---|
Yeast Strain 74-D694 | ||
[psi−][PIN+] | OT60, parent for nontoxic [PSI+] obtained in this work | Y. Chernoff [50] |
[psi−][PIN+]very high | Parent for the lethal and toxic isolates | S. Liebman [51] |
WS2 | This work | |
W2 | This work | |
W3 | This work | |
W-L2 | This work | |
W-Pb | This work | |
W-T7 | This work | |
W-R4 | This work | |
S-7 | 7-74-D694, also known as OT56* | Y. Chernoff [50] |
S1 | This work | |
S1-R4 | This work | |
S-L4 | This work | |
S-L6 | This work | |
S-L20 | This work | |
S-Pb | This work | |
S-R4b | This work | |
S-Cl1 | This work | |
S-Cl2 | This work | |
W-HT2889 | Heather True collection #2889 | H. True |
Yeast Strain 5V-H19 | ||
S-VH0† | Our collection; [PSI+] originates from Albert Hinnen strain AH216 | [52] |
S-1109 | Our collection #1109 | |
W-1111 | Our collection #1111 | |
W-1112 | Our collection #1112 | |
S-VH† | VH | C.Y. King [15] |
S-W8 | W8 | C.Y. King [16] |
W-VK | VK | C.Y. King [15] |
W-VL | VL | C.Y. King [15] |
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Dergalev, A.A.; Alexandrov, A.I.; Ivannikov, R.I.; Ter-Avanesyan, M.D.; Kushnirov, V.V. Yeast Sup35 Prion Structure: Two Types, Four Parts, Many Variants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112633
Dergalev AA, Alexandrov AI, Ivannikov RI, Ter-Avanesyan MD, Kushnirov VV. Yeast Sup35 Prion Structure: Two Types, Four Parts, Many Variants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(11):2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112633
Chicago/Turabian StyleDergalev, Alexander A., Alexander I. Alexandrov, Roman I. Ivannikov, Michael D. Ter-Avanesyan, and Vitaly V. Kushnirov. 2019. "Yeast Sup35 Prion Structure: Two Types, Four Parts, Many Variants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11: 2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112633