Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Based Fluorescent Sensors for Hazardous Materials Detection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Luminous Characteristics of MOF-Based Sensors
2.1. Luminous Principle
2.2. Detection Mechanism
3. LMOFs for Hazardous Materials Detecting
3.1. Hazardous Gases
3.1.1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3.1.2. Sulphuretted Hydrogen (H2S)
3.1.3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
3.1.4. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
3.1.5. Ammonia (NH3)
Analyte | MOF | Detection Limit | Water Stability | Detection Mechanism | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 | [Zn7(ip)12](OH)2 | - | High | QD | [27] |
UiO-66-ONa | 3.5 × 10−7 M | High | QD | [28] | |
H2S | UiO-66@NH2 | 118 μM | High | Target-mediated azide to amine reduction | [37] |
UiO-66@NO2 | 188 μM | High | Target-mediated nitro group to amine reduction | [38] | |
Zn-MOF | 28.3 μM | High | Target-mediated nitro group to amine reduction | [39] | |
Azide functionalized Ce-MOFs Nitro functionalized Ce-MOFs | 12.2 μM 34.8 μM | High | Target-mediated azide/nitro groups to amine reduction | [40] | |
Al(OH)(IPA-N3) | 2.65 μM | High | Target-mediated N3 to amine reduction | [41] | |
Zr6O4(OH)4((NDC-(NO2)2)6 | 20 μM | High | Target-mediated nitro group to amine reduction | [42] | |
Al(OH)(BDC-N3) | 90.47 nM | High | Target-mediated N3 to amine reduction | [43] | |
Zr6O4(OH)4(BDC- (NO2)2)6 | 14.14 μM | High | Target-mediated nitro group to amine reduction | [44] | |
Eu3+/Cu2+@UiO-66- (COOH)2 | - | High | Quench the broad LC emission through its superior affinity for Cu2+ ions | [47] | |
Eu3+/Ag+@UiO-66- (COOH)2 | 23.53 μM | High | - | [48] | |
UiO-66-MA | 3.3 nM | High | Michael addition to H2S | [49] | |
SO2 | MOF-5-NH2 | 0.168 ppm | High | - | [52] |
NO | Cu-TCA Eu-TCA | 0.1 mM 140 μM | High | Cu2+ ions quench the ligand-based fluorescence Formation of coordination bonds between the europium and NO | [58] |
UiO-66@NH2 | 0.575 μM | High | - | [59] | |
NO2 | {[Tb2(NBDC)3(DMF)4]·2DMF} {[Eu2(NBDC)3(DMF)4]·2DMF} | 1.8 ppm 2.2 ppm | High | QD | [61] |
Fe2IIIMII, M = Co, Mn, and Zn | 500 ppb | High | QD | [62] | |
NH3 | Mg(H2DHBDC) Zn2(TCPE) | - | High | FRET | [66] |
Eu3-functionalization MOF | 2.4 ppm | High | PET | [67] | |
(Zn2(bpdc)2(bpee) | 50 ppm | High | FRET | [68] |
3.2. Hazardous Metal Ions
3.2.1. Heavy Metal Ions
3.2.2. Radioactive Ions
Entries | Analyte | MOF | Detection Limit | Detection Mechanism | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entry 1 | Pb2+ | [Tb(L)(H2O)5]n | 10−7 M | QD | [70] |
{[Cd(BIPA)(IPA)]·DMF}n | 7.5 × 10−7 M | QD | [71] | ||
{[Cd(BIPA)(HIPA)]·DMF}n | 5.0 × 10−7 M | ||||
Zn-TCPP-MOF | 4.99 × 10−8 M | - | [73] | ||
SO3H-UiO-66(Zr) | 25.2 ppm | QD | [74] | ||
Hg2+ | UiO-66@butyne | 10.9 nmol/L | QD | [79] | |
NH2-MIL-53(Al) | 0.15 μM | QD | [80] | ||
Zn2(NDC)2(DPTTZ) | - | FRET | [81] | ||
[Ni3(BTC)2(H2O)3]·(DMF)3(H2O)3 | 0.02 μM | QD | [83] | ||
Cd2+ | Zr-based LMOF | 0.002 μM | PET | [85] | |
[Zn2(tdca)2(bppd)2]·2DMF | 0.132 μM | PET | [86] | ||
Entry 2 | UO22+ | Tb-MOF | 0.9 μg/L | PET | [89] |
[Eu2(MTBC)(OH)2(DMF)3(H2O)4]·2DMF· 7H2O | 309.2 μg/L | PET | [90] | ||
(CH3)2NH2[Ln2(BTC)(AC)3(FM)] | 4.12 μM | QD | [91] | ||
[M(HBTC)(BMIOPE)·DMF·H2O]n | 2.47 × 10−5 M | FRET | [93] | ||
Cd-MOF | 8.5 μg/L | PET | [94] | ||
Th4+ | [Eu2(FDC)3(DMA)2]·4H2O | 3.49 × 10−5 mol/L | PET FRET | [95] | |
[Ln2(NH2-BDC)2.5(CH3COO)(DMA)(H2O)]·DMA | 3.40 μM | QD | [96] | ||
99TcO4− | [1H6(ReO4)](CF3-SO3)5·7H2O | - | PET | [97] | |
Cd(II)-MOFs | 0.68 × 104 M−1 | - | [98] | ||
ReO4− | [Zr6O4(OH)4(NH3+-BDC)6]Cl6·xH2O (MOR-1) | 0.36 ppm | PET | [99] | |
H16[Zr6O16(H2PATP)4]Cl8·xH2O (MOR-2) | 0.20 ppm | ||||
[Ag(1,2,4,5-p4b)](SbF6) (TJNU-302) | - | FRET ESIPT | [100] |
3.3. Hazardous Organic Pollutants
3.3.1. Antibiotics
3.3.2. Pesticides
Organophosphates (OPs)
Nonorganic Phosphates (Non-OPs)
3.3.3. Nitro-Explosives
3.3.4. Hazardous Solvents
Entries | Category | MOF | Sensing Target | Detection Limit | Detection Mechanism | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entry 1 | Antibiotics | Zr(IV)-MOF | NZF TNP | 58 ppb 90 ppb | PET FRET | [101] |
[Cd2Na(L)(BDC)2.5]·9H2O [Cd2(L)(2,6-NDC)2]·DMF·5H2O [Cd2(L)(BPDC)2]·DMF·9H2O | NZF | 162 ppb 75 ppb 60 ppb | PET FRET | [102] | ||
Cd-based LMOF | NFZ NFT | 0.20µM 0.26 µM | PET | [103] | ||
[Cd(opda)(mbib)(H2O)] [Cd(opda)(pbib)(H2O)] [Cd(ppda)(mbib)] [Zn2(mpda)2(mbib)2]·2H2O | CEF TEC | 0.278 μM for CEF; 0.384 μM for TEC 0.379 μM for CEF; 0.0.189 μM for TEC 0.52 μM for CEF; 0.421 μM for TEC 0.171 μM for CEF; 0.137 μM for TEC | PET FRET | [104] | ||
{[Cd3(L)2(bbi)2(H2O)2]·2H2O} | NZF | 1.83 ppM | FRET | [105] | ||
{[Zn2(bcob)(OH)(H2O)]· DMA}n (ROD-Zn1) {[Zn(Hbcob)]·(solvent)}n (ROD-Zn2) | TC | 0.11 μmol 0.12 μmol | PET FRET | [107] | ||
Eu3+ and Tb3+ co-doped LMOFs | Minocycline Norfloxacin | 1.23 μM 0.06 μM | FRET PET | [109] | ||
Zr-based MOF (PCN-128Y) | TC | 30 nM | FRET PET | [111] | ||
Al-MOF@Mo/Zn-MOF | DOX TET OTC CTC | 0.56 nM 0.53 nM 0.58 nM 0.86 nM | FRET PET | [112] | ||
[Zn3(μ3-OH)(HL)L(H2O)3]· H2O | Sulfonamide | - | PET | [113] | ||
In(III)-MOFs | Norfloxacin Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin | 56.7 ppb 79.0 ppb 72.9 ppb | FRET PET | [114] | ||
Entry 2 | Pesticides | MOF-5 | Nitro-OPs | 5 ppb | - | [117] |
Eu3+@1 | p-nitrophenol 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 0.36 μg mL−1 0.41 μg mL−1 | Competitive absorption | [118] | ||
Zr-based MOF | Malathion | 4.9 × 10−15 M | - | [119] | ||
AuNCs@ZIF-8 | OPs | 0.3 μg/L | - | [120] | ||
Mn/Fe-MIL(53) | Methyl parathion Chlorpyrifos | 2.8 nM 0.95 nM | - | [121] | ||
[Cd(NH2-bdc)(azp)]·DMF | Glyphosate | 25 nM | Structural collapse of LMOFs | [122] | ||
[Tb(L)2NO3]n | Glyphosate | 0.0144 μM | PET | [123] | ||
[Zn2(cptpy)(btc)(H2O)]n | Paraquat | 9.73 × 10−6 mol/L | FRET | [124] | ||
NU-901 NU-901-sbdc | Paraquat | 2.0 nM 3.3 nM | PET | [126] | ||
E@D1 E@D3 | Nitenpyram | 0.94 μM 1.18 μM | PET | [127] | ||
Entry 3 | Nitro- Explosives | [Zn2(oba)2(bpy)]·3DMA | Nitrobenzene | - | PET FRET | [132] |
[Cd(NDC)0.5(PCA)]-Gx | TNP | 3.5 × 104 M−1 | PET FRET | [133] | ||
M-TABD-MOFs | NTO | 4 × 10−8 mol/L | Structural collapse of LMOFs | [135] | ||
Entry 4 | Hazardous solvents | [Mn6(L1)2(H2O)5]n | Acetophenone | - | QD | [139] |
{[Cd2(μ7-L)(μ3-OH)(H2O)2]·1.3H2O}n | Aacetylacetone | 35 μM | QD | [140] | ||
ZrIV-based UiO-66 | Aacetylacetone | 1.23 ppm | Object exchange PET | [141] | ||
Mg-NDI | Organic amine | - | PET | [145] | ||
Zr-BTDB fcu-MOF | Methylamine | 66 nM | - | [146] |
4. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, D.; Yu, S.; Jiang, W.-J.; Cai, Z.-H.; Li, D.-L.; Liu, Y.-L.; Chen, Z.-Z. Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Based Fluorescent Sensors for Hazardous Materials Detection. Molecules 2022, 27, 2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072226
Zhao D, Yu S, Jiang W-J, Cai Z-H, Li D-L, Liu Y-L, Chen Z-Z. Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Based Fluorescent Sensors for Hazardous Materials Detection. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072226
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Dan, Shuang Yu, Wen-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Hao Cai, Dan-Li Li, Ya-Lan Liu, and Zhi-Zhou Chen. 2022. "Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Based Fluorescent Sensors for Hazardous Materials Detection" Molecules 27, no. 7: 2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072226