Montmorillonite-Based Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites: Preparation and Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mt and Its Modification
3. Two-Dimensional Materials
- (1)
- Simple substances: graphene, graphdiyne, black phosphorus (BP), metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ir, and Ru) and new boron, arsenic, germanium, silicon, bismuth, and so on.
- (2)
- Inorganic compounds: hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), graphite phase nitrogen carbide (g-C3N4), boron carbon nitrogen, and various graphene derivatives.
- (3)
- Metal compounds: transition metal disulfide (TMDs), Layered double hydroxide (LDH), transition metal oxide (TMOs), transition metal carbon/nitrogen/carbonitride (MXenes), metal phosphorus trisulfide APX3, metal halide, transition metal oxyhalide (MOX), III-VI layered semiconductor (MX).
- (4)
- Salts: inorganic perovskite compound (AMX3) clay mineral (layered aluminosilicate containing water).
- (5)
- Organic frameworks: layered metal-organic framework compounds (MOFs), layered covalent organic framework compounds (COFs) and polymers [28].
- (1)
- Ultra-high mechanical strength. Two-dimensional materials have strong fracture resistance, good toughness, and are ductile but not easy to break [30].
- (2)
- Good electrical properties. On the one hand, electrons are restricted to the limited domain of two-dimensional materials with no interlayer interaction, which can greatly stimulate the electronic properties; on the other hand, the large transverse dimension and ultra-thin thickness give them extremely high specific surface area, exposing more active sites on the surface to the greatest extent, thus they are widely used in catalysis or energy storage fields [31].
4. Preparation and Application of Mt@LDH
4.1. Preparation of Mt@LDH
4.1.1. The Intercalation Method
4.1.2. In-Situ Synthesis Method
4.1.3. Tape-Casting Method
4.2. Applications of Mt@LDH
4.2.1. Pollutant Adsorption
4.2.2. Acid-Base Bifunctional Catalysis
4.2.3. Corrosion Resistance
5. Preparation and Application of Mt@GR
5.1. Preparation of Mt@GR
5.1.1. Dry-Freezing Method
5.1.2. Vacuum Impregnation Method
5.2. Applications of Mt@GR
5.2.1. Pollutant Adsorption
5.2.2. Antibacterial Properties
5.2.3. Flame Retardants
5.2.4. Thermal Conductivity
5.2.5. Other Fields
6. Preparation and Applications of Mt@Other Two-Dimensional Materials
6.1. Preparation Methods of Mt@other Two-Dimensional Materials
6.1.1. Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
6.1.2. Ultrasound-Assisted Chemical Precipitation Method
6.2. Applications of Mt@other Two-Dimensional Materials
Photocatalysis and Wastewater Treatment
7. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Materials Used | Stripper | Key Features | Strengths | Limitation | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhou et al. | NiAl-LDH | Formamide | Ultrasound conditions | Most effective; dissolves LDHs sheets | Dissolves LDHs sheets | [49] |
Hibino et al. | MgAl-Gly LDHs | Formamide | Stir for a few minutes at room temperature | Fast gradual change without heating and reflux conditions | - | [53] |
Gong et al. | Nitrate-type magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate intercalation modification | Chloroform | Ultrasound conditions | - | Chloroform is sensitive to light and forms toxic gas when exposed to oxygen | [54] |
Dai et al. | CTA-Mt (Organic montmorillonite) | Chloroform | Ultrasound conditions | Chloroform is sensitive to light and forms toxic gas when exposed to oxygen | - | [55] |
Liang et al. | LDH intercalated with acetate ion | Water | Ultrasound conditions | Environmental protection, non-toxic, low price | - | [56] |
Ma et al. | Synthesis of amino acid intercalated aluminum-magnesium hydrotalcite in a system with pH greater than amino acid isoelectric point | Water | pH is lower than the isoelectric point of amino acids, ultrasound, heating | Environmental protection, non-toxic, low price | - | [57] |
Song et al. | Mt | HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) | 353 °C | Efficient and can be completely stripped | - | [58] |
Hu et al. | Layered dihydroxy compound, Mt | PLA (polylactic acid) | 185 °C hydrothermal | Stripping agent is easy to degrade | - | [50] |
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Wang, R.; Li, H.; Ge, G.; Dai, N.; Rao, J.; Ran, H.; Zhang, Y. Montmorillonite-Based Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites: Preparation and Applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092521
Wang R, Li H, Ge G, Dai N, Rao J, Ran H, Zhang Y. Montmorillonite-Based Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites: Preparation and Applications. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092521
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Runzhi, Huijie Li, Guangxu Ge, Nan Dai, Jinsong Rao, Haodi Ran, and Yuxin Zhang. 2021. "Montmorillonite-Based Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites: Preparation and Applications" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092521