The 2023 MDPI Annual Report has
been released!
Find out more
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Recent Articles  

13 pages, 8790 KiB  
Review
Delving into the Metabolism of Sézary Cells: A Brief Review
by Carel Cherfan, Alain Chebly, Hamid Reza Rezvani, Marie Beylot-Barry and Edith Chevret
Genes 2024, 15(5), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15050635 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the accumulation of neoplastic T or B lymphocytes in the skin. Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive and rare form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by an erythroderma [...] Read more.
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the accumulation of neoplastic T or B lymphocytes in the skin. Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive and rare form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by an erythroderma and the presence of atypical cerebriform T cells named Sézary cells in skin and blood. Most of the available treatments for SS are not curative, which means there is an urgent need for the development of novel efficient therapies. Recently, targeting cancer metabolism has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This is due to the accumulating evidence that metabolic reprogramming highly contributes to tumor progression. Genes play a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes, and alterations in these genes can disrupt the delicate balance of metabolic pathways, potentially contributing to cancer development. In this review, we discuss the importance of targeting energy metabolism in tumors and the currently available data on the metabolism of Sézary cells, paving the way for potential new therapeutic approaches aiming to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from SS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2220 KiB  
Article
Resorption Rates of Bone Graft Materials after Crestal Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation and Its Influencing Factors
by Ling Jing and Baohui Su
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15050133 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the resorption rate of bone graft materials after crestal sinus floor elevation, study its influencing factors, and improve the long-term success rate of implants after crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Measurement and analysis were conducted [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to analyze the resorption rate of bone graft materials after crestal sinus floor elevation, study its influencing factors, and improve the long-term success rate of implants after crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Measurement and analysis were conducted at six postoperative timepoints (0 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data on 31 patients from the Chenghuaxinguanghua Dental Clinic who underwent crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation, involving 38 graft sites. The materials resorption rates of the bone graft height (BH) and bone graft width (BW) were assessed. BH and BW resorption rates followed the same trend (p = 0.07), with BH and BW resorption rates decreasing with time (rBH = −0.32, p < 0.01; rBW = −0.18, p < 0.01), and were maximal in the 0–6 month interval, with BH and BW resorption rates of 3.42%/mth and 3.03%/mth, respectively. The average monthly BH and BW resorption rates in the 6–12 month interval rapidly decreased to 1.75%/mth and 1.29%/mth, respectively. The monthly BH and BW resorption rates in the 12–30 month intervals stabilized at 1.45%/mth (p > 0.05) and 1.22%/mth (p > 0.05), respectively. The higher the initial bone graft height (BH0), the lower the BH resorption rates (rBH = −0.98, p < 0.05), and the BW resorption rate was different for different graft sites (p = 0.01). The resorption rates of bone graft materials implanted through crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation decreased rapidly within the first 12 months post operation and remained stable after 12 months. BH0 was identified as a significant factor influencing the resorption rates of bone graft materials. These results could suggest dentists should pay attention to the trend of resorption rates over time and carefully manage the initial height of bone grafts and inspire the research of new bone grafting materials for crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3982 KiB  
Article
Development of a Flexible Sensor-Integrated Tissue Patch to Monitor Early Organ Rejection Processes Using Impedance Spectroscopy
by Peter Ertl, Tibor Wladimir, Drago Sticker, Patrick Schuller, Mario Rothbauer, Georg Wieselthaler and Martin Frauenlob
Biosensors 2024, 14(5), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14050253 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Heart failure represents a primary cause of hospitalization and mortality in both developed and developing countries, often necessitating heart transplantation as the only viable recovery path. Despite advances in transplantation medicine, organ rejection remains a significant post-operative challenge, traditionally monitored through invasive endomyocardial [...] Read more.
Heart failure represents a primary cause of hospitalization and mortality in both developed and developing countries, often necessitating heart transplantation as the only viable recovery path. Despite advances in transplantation medicine, organ rejection remains a significant post-operative challenge, traditionally monitored through invasive endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). This study introduces a rapid prototyping approach to organ rejection monitoring via a sensor-integrated flexible patch, employing electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the non-invasive, continuous assessment of resistive and capacitive changes indicative of tissue rejection processes. Utilizing titanium-dioxide-coated electrodes for contactless impedance sensing, this method aims to mitigate the limitations associated with EMB, including procedural risks and the psychological burden on patients. The biosensor’s design features, including electrode passivation and three-dimensional microelectrode protrusions, facilitate effective monitoring of cardiac rejection by aligning with the heart’s curvature and responding to muscle contractions. Evaluation of sensor performance utilized SPICE simulations, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, alongside experimental validation using chicken heart tissue to simulate healthy and rejected states. The study highlights the potential of EIS in reducing the need for invasive biopsy procedures and offering a promising avenue for early detection and monitoring of organ rejection, with implications for patient care and healthcare resource utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Cell or Tissue Analysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 717 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Green Technology Innovation of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises in China
by Qiu Zhao and Chenxi Tang
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 4206; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104206 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Against the backdrop of increasingly serious global carbon emissions and environmental challenges, new energy vehicles (NEVs), as important low-carbon means of transport, play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable development. However, green technological innovation is under [...] Read more.
Against the backdrop of increasingly serious global carbon emissions and environmental challenges, new energy vehicles (NEVs), as important low-carbon means of transport, play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable development. However, green technological innovation is under considerable pressure from economic policy uncertainty (EPU), and the exact effects are not well understood. Using panel data on listed companies’ green technological innovation from 2012 to 2022, this study examines the relationship between EPU and green technological innovation in Chinese NEV enterprises. The findings reveal that rising EPU has a significant negative impact on green technological innovation in these companies; however, company ESG performance and government financial subsidies can effectively mitigate this negative impact. Notably, in provinces where public environmental concerns are high, the moderating effect of government subsidies is weaker; while facing EPU, NEV manufacturers rely more on government subsidies for green technological innovation than do parts manufacturers. These findings provide critical insights for guiding NEV enterprises in coping with EPU, advancing green technological innovation, and offering appropriate support and incentives to policymakers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 945 KiB  
Protocol
Establishing the Top 10 Research Priorities for Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer in Canada: A Protocol for a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
by Perri R. Tutelman, Chantale Thurston, Tamara Rader, Brianna Henry, Tristyn Ranger, Mohamed Abdelaal, Michelle Blue, Timothy W. Buckland, Stefanie Del Gobbo, Lexy Dobson, Emily Gallant, Cheryl Heykoop, Mackenzie Jansen, Lorna Larsen, Nicole Maseja, Sapna Oberoi, Vinesha Ramasamy, Marlie Smith, Evan Taylor, Nadia Wendowsky, Sara Beattie, Jacqueline Bender, Kathryn A. Birnie, Sheila N. Garland, Lindsay Jibb, Melanie Noel and Fiona S. M. Schulteadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(5), 2874-2880; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31050219 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15–39 years) diagnosed with cancer have unique medical and psychosocial needs. These needs could be better addressed through research that is focused on the topics that matter most to them. However, there is currently no patient-oriented research agenda [...] Read more.
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15–39 years) diagnosed with cancer have unique medical and psychosocial needs. These needs could be better addressed through research that is focused on the topics that matter most to them. However, there is currently no patient-oriented research agenda for AYA cancer in Canada. This manuscript describes the early development and project protocol for a priority-setting partnership (PSP) for establishing the top 10 research priorities for AYA cancer in Canada. This project follows the PSP methodology outlined by the James Lind Alliance (JLA) to engage patients, caregivers, and clinicians in research prioritization. The steps of a JLA PSP include establishing a steering group and project partners, gathering uncertainties, data processing and verifying uncertainties, interim priority setting, and a final priority setting workshop. The AYA cancer PSP will result in a top 10 list of research priorities identified by Canadian AYA patients, caregivers, and clinicians that will be published and shared broadly with the research community. The first steering group meeting was held in April 2023, and the project is ongoing. The establishment of a patient-oriented research agenda for AYA cancer will catalyze a long-term and impactful research focus and ultimately improve outcomes for AYA patients with cancer in Canada. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 5892 KiB  
Article
Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Huangcha Pluton and Tectonic Significance
by Shuping Cao, Lun Li, Chonghui Yang and Yongqiang Yang
Minerals 2024, 14(5), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050520 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The Zanhuang Complex is situated on the eastern margin of the Trans-North China Orogen, with the Huangcha Pluton being a constituent of this complex. To ascertain the nature of the approximately 2.5-billion-year-old Huangcha Pluton, crucial evidence for understanding its extensional setting was sought [...] Read more.
The Zanhuang Complex is situated on the eastern margin of the Trans-North China Orogen, with the Huangcha Pluton being a constituent of this complex. To ascertain the nature of the approximately 2.5-billion-year-old Huangcha Pluton, crucial evidence for understanding its extensional setting was sought through petrogenesis and dating investigations. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon from the granite yielded an age of (2488 ± 6) Ma. Primarily composed of porphyritic monzonite with sporadic melanocratic enclaves, the Pluton’s phenocrysts are predominantly feldspar with minor quartz. The granite exhibits high SiO2 content (72.64%–74.16%) and alkali levels, with Na2O + K2O ranging from 7.59% to 9.07%, classifying it as a shoshonitic series with a slightly peraluminous feature. Enrichment in large-ion lithophile (LIL) elements (Rb, Th, and U) and depletion in Sr, V, Cr, Co, and Ni were observed, with high Rb/Sr and Ga/Al ratios ranging from 0.73 to 2.72 and 2.75 × 10−4 to 3.11 × 10−4, respectively. The rock exhibits high εNd(t) values, ranging from −0.06 to 0.88, with TDM2 ages falling between 2.79 and 2.87 billion years. Zircon grains display 176Hf/177Hf ratios ranging from 0.281266 to 0.281412 and εHf(t) values spanning from 0.96 to 6.18, calculated using the 207Pb/206Pb age. It is suggested that the Huangcha Pluton represents A-type granite formed via anatexis of the Neoarchean TTG in an extensional setting following orogenic processes. The formation of the Huangcha Pluton further corroborates the stabilization of the North China Craton towards the end of the Neoarchean. This finding supports the hypothesis that the North China Craton may belong to the Rae-family cratons, sharing similar magmatic and tectono-metamorphic records around ~2.5 billion years ago. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemistry and Geochronology of High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 10305 KiB  
Article
Storage Scale Assessment of a Low-Impact Development System in a Sponge City
by Mingkun Xie, Dongxu He, Zengchuan Dong and Yuning Cheng
Water 2024, 16(10), 1427; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101427 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
A sponge city is an established urban stormwater management approach that effectively reduces urban runoff and pollutant discharges. In order to plan and design, estimate costs, and evaluate the performance of urban sponge city systems, it is essential to calculate the storage scale. [...] Read more.
A sponge city is an established urban stormwater management approach that effectively reduces urban runoff and pollutant discharges. In order to plan and design, estimate costs, and evaluate the performance of urban sponge city systems, it is essential to calculate the storage scale. In this context, a sponge city storage scale and calculation method based on a multifactor spatial overlay was designed, utilising the starting area of the Dafeng Hi-tech Development Zone in Yancheng City, China, as an illustrative example. The indicators for assessing the impact of sponge city systems on river plain networks are constructed based on four aspects: land planning, building density, water surface rate and green space rate. The relative importance of each indicator was determined based on the necessity of controlling runoff from land parcels and the appropriateness of facility construction. The annual runoff control rate of the 39 low-impact development control units in the study area was calculated using ArcGIS through multifactor spatial overlay mapping and weighting. The results showed that (1) the Geographic Information System (GIS)overlay technology can effectively assist in the decomposition of LID scales; (2) data can be derived, including the design storage volume and other basic control scale indicators for each unit. The study results are expected to serve as a reference for the preparation of special low-impact development plans in the river plain network area of China and the promotion of the construction of a sustainable blue–green system in the city. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Stormwater Harvesting, and Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2167 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Incorporation of Olive Tree Pruning Sawdust in the Production of Lightweight Mortars
by Marina Oya-Monzón, Dolores Eliche-Quesada and M. Dolores La Rubia
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(5), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050188 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, this study used olive pruning sawdust (OTPS) instead of natural sand in the production of lightweight mortars. Different percentages of natural sand substitution were tested: 0, 10, 25, and 50% by volume of sand over [...] Read more.
In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, this study used olive pruning sawdust (OTPS) instead of natural sand in the production of lightweight mortars. Different percentages of natural sand substitution were tested: 0, 10, 25, and 50% by volume of sand over 7 and 28 days of curing time. Additionally, the influence of a chemical pretreatment in an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide on the OTPS was also evaluated to mineralize the wood before its addition to the mortar mixture. Mortars with OTPS incorporations were characterized by volumetric shrinkage, bulk density, and capillary water absorption. Mechanical behavior was tested through compression and flexural tests. The addition of this byproduct decreased bulk density and increased mortar porosity. Pretreating olive pruning sawdust with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide was effective for wood mineralization, resulting in physical and mechanical properties superior to mortars without pretreatment. The results showed that a maximum addition of 10% by volume of OTPS treated with calcium hydroxide solution produced lighter mortars with similar mechanical properties to the control mortar. Adding higher amounts of pretreated olive pruning (25–50% by volume) led to a more pronounced deterioration of mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Composite Construction Materials, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 615 KiB  
Review
Targeting the Multiple Complex Processes of Hypoxia-Ischemia to Achieve Neuroprotection
by Auriane Maïza, Rifat Hamoudi and Aloïse Mabondzo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105449 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of newborn brain damage stemming from a lack of oxygenated blood flow in the neonatal period. Twenty-five to fifty percent of asphyxiated infants who develop HIE die in the neonatal period, and about sixty percent of [...] Read more.
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of newborn brain damage stemming from a lack of oxygenated blood flow in the neonatal period. Twenty-five to fifty percent of asphyxiated infants who develop HIE die in the neonatal period, and about sixty percent of survivors develop long-term neurological disabilities. From the first minutes to months after the injury, a cascade of events occurs, leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening, neuronal death and inflammation. To date, the only approach proposed in some cases is therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Unfortunately, TH is only partially protective and is not applicable to all neonates. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the basic molecular mechanisms of brain damage in hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and on the different therapeutic strategies in HI that have been used and explores a major limitation of unsuccessful therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Basis and Advances of Targeted Therapy for Brain Endothelial Dysfunction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 524 KiB  
Article
The Development and Validation of a Tool to Evaluate the Determinants of Iron-Rich Food Intake among Adolescent Girls of Senegal
by Aminata Ndene Ndiaye, Jérémie B. Dupuis, Nafissatou Ba Lo, El Hadj Momar Thiam, Mohamadou Sall and Sonia Blaney
Adolescents 2024, 4(2), 231-247; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4020017 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
To reduce anemia among adolescent girls, factors that influence the consumption of iron-rich foods/IRF have not been investigated, and neither has a tool been developed to assess its determinants. Using the extended version of the theory of planned behaviour/eTPB, this study aims to [...] Read more.
To reduce anemia among adolescent girls, factors that influence the consumption of iron-rich foods/IRF have not been investigated, and neither has a tool been developed to assess its determinants. Using the extended version of the theory of planned behaviour/eTPB, this study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing individual and environmental factors that could influence IRF intake among Senegalese adolescent girls aged 10–19 years old. First, eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were held in different regions to identify salient beliefs related to each of the four constructs of the eTPB. Information from FGDs was used to develop a questionnaire that was administered to the first group (n = 200) of girls. Principal component and exploratory factorial analyses were then performed to identify latent factors for each construct. A modified version of the tool was administered to the second sample of girls (n = 400), and confirmatory factorial analyses were conducted. Hancock and Muller’s H reliability index was computed on the final model. Most metrics for fit indices were respected, and the H value was satisfactory. This study proposes a tool that could be used to explore determinants of the consumption of IRF among adolescent girls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health Behaviors)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 762 KiB  
Article
Growth of White Leghorn Chicken Immune Organs after Long-Term Divergent Selection for High or Low Antibody Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells
by Christa F. Honaker, Robert L. Taylor, Jr., Frank W. Edens and Paul B. Siegel
Animals 2024, 14(10), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14101487 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Long-term divergent selection from a common founder population for a single trait—antibody response to sheep erythrocytes 5 days post-injection—has resulted in two distinct lines of White Leghorn chickens with a well-documented difference in antibody titers: high (HAS)- and low (LAS)-antibody selected lines. Subpopulations—high [...] Read more.
Long-term divergent selection from a common founder population for a single trait—antibody response to sheep erythrocytes 5 days post-injection—has resulted in two distinct lines of White Leghorn chickens with a well-documented difference in antibody titers: high (HAS)- and low (LAS)-antibody selected lines. Subpopulations—high (HAR)- and low (LAR)-antibody relaxed—were developed from generation 24 of the selected lines to relax selection. The objective of the current experiment was to determine if this long-term selection and relaxation of selection impacted the growth of two organs important to chicken immunity: the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius. Spleens and bursae were obtained from ten chickens per line at nine timepoints (E18, D0, D6, D13, D20, D35, D49, D63, and D91) throughout their rapid growth phase and presented as a percent of body weight. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. For the spleen, all lines consistently increased in size relative to body weight to D49, followed by a consistent decline. All lines had a similar growth pattern, but HAS spleens grew faster than LAS spleens. For the bursa, LAS was smaller than the other three lines as an embryo and also smaller than HAS through D63. In the selected lines, bursa weight peaked at D35, whereas the relaxed lines peaked at D49. By D91, there was no difference between lines. Artificial and natural selection, represented by the long-term selected and relaxed antibody lines, resulted in differences in the growth patterns and relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding Advances in Poultry Health and Production)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 4675 KiB  
Communication
The Braconid Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp Is Posing a Great Threat to the Eastern Honeybee, Apis cerana
by Yanling Xie, Xiaoling Su, Ruike Wei, Lianfei Cao and Huoqing Zheng
Pathogens 2024, 13(5), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13050422 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The expansion of pathogen distribution may result in a new threat to the host. The braconid Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp is an obligate parasite that targets Apis cerana, the Eastern honeybee, engaging in endoparasitism by ovipositing eggs inside the host bee. Although S. [...] Read more.
The expansion of pathogen distribution may result in a new threat to the host. The braconid Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp is an obligate parasite that targets Apis cerana, the Eastern honeybee, engaging in endoparasitism by ovipositing eggs inside the host bee. Although S. szaboi has been documented in India and in various regions across China, its epidemiological data are notably lacking. In this study, we summarized the distribution of S. szaboi based on the available literature and described the symptoms of infested honeybee workers. We also investigated the infestation rate in 36 apiaries in Zhejiang Province, China, after a new occurrence of the parasite was reported in these regions in 2020. A rapid increase in infestation rate was found from the year 2021 to 2022, reaching 53.88% at the colony level of the sampled colonies in the Jinhua and Wenzhou apiaries. The infestation rate at an individual level in positive colonies reached an average of 26%. A monthly survey showed high seasonal variation in S. szaboi infestation, with the peak occurring from May to August. These results suggest that S. szaboi poses a great threat to A. cerana. Further research is needed to elucidate its epidemiology and pathology and to develop disease prevention and control strategies. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1233 KiB  
Article
Imaging-Based Deep Learning for Predicting Desmoid Tumor Progression
by Rabih Fares, Lilian D. Atlan, Ido Druckmann, Shai Factor, Yair Gortzak, Ortal Segal, Moran Artzi and Amir Sternheim
J. Imaging 2024, 10(5), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050122 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DTs) are non-metastasizing and locally aggressive soft-tissue mesenchymal neoplasms. Those that become enlarged often become locally invasive and cause significant morbidity. DTs have a varied pattern of clinical presentation, with up to 50–60% not growing after diagnosis and 20–30% shrinking or [...] Read more.
Desmoid tumors (DTs) are non-metastasizing and locally aggressive soft-tissue mesenchymal neoplasms. Those that become enlarged often become locally invasive and cause significant morbidity. DTs have a varied pattern of clinical presentation, with up to 50–60% not growing after diagnosis and 20–30% shrinking or even disappearing after initial progression. Enlarging tumors are considered unstable and progressive. The management of symptomatic and enlarging DTs is challenging, and primarily consists of chemotherapy. Despite wide surgical resection, DTs carry a rate of local recurrence as high as 50%. There is a consensus that contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or, alternatively, computerized tomography (CT) is the preferred modality for monitoring DTs. Each uses Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), which measures the largest diameter on axial, sagittal, or coronal series. This approach, however, reportedly lacks accuracy in detecting response to therapy and fails to detect tumor progression, thus calling for more sophisticated methods. The objective of this study was to detect unique features identified by deep learning that correlate with the future clinical course of the disease. Between 2006 and 2019, 51 patients (mean age 41.22 ± 15.5 years) who had a tissue diagnosis of DT were included in this retrospective single-center study. Each had undergone at least three MRI examinations (including a pretreatment baseline study), and each was followed by orthopedic oncology specialists for a median of 38.83 months (IQR 44.38). Tumor segmentations were performed on a T2 fat-suppressed treatment-naive MRI sequence, after which the segmented lesion was extracted to a three-dimensional file together with its DICOM file and run through deep learning software. The results of the algorithm were then compared to clinical data collected from the patients’ medical files. There were 28 males (13 stable) and 23 females (15 stable) whose ages ranged from 19.07 to 83.33 years. The model was able to independently predict clinical progression as measured from the baseline MRI with an overall accuracy of 93% (93 ± 0.04) and ROC of 0.89 ± 0.08. Artificial intelligence may contribute to risk stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with DT by predicting which patients are likely to progress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Pathological Imaging in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: New Insights and Perspectives)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3259 KiB  
Article
The Association between Salivary Metabolites and Gingival Bleeding Score in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study
by Rita Antonelli, Elena Ferrari, Mariana Gallo, Tecla Ciociola, Elena Calciolari, Alberto Spisni, Marco Meleti and Thelma A. Pertinhez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105448 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. Salivary diagnostics are becoming increasingly popular due to [...] Read more.
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. Salivary diagnostics are becoming increasingly popular due to the variation in saliva composition in response to pathological processes. We used a metabolomics approach to investigate whether a specific saliva metabolic composition could indicate preclinical stage of gingivitis. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to obtain the salivary metabolite profiles of 20 healthy subjects. Univariate/multivariate statistical analysis evaluated the whole saliva metabolite composition, and the Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS) was employed as a classification parameter. Identifying a signature of specific salivary metabolites could distinguish the subjects with high FMBS scores but still within the normal range. This set of metabolites may be due to the enzymatic activities of oral bacteria and be associated with the early stages of gingival inflammation. Although this analysis is to be considered exploratory, it seems feasible to establish an FMBS threshold that distinguishes between the absence and presence of early inflammatory alterations at the salivary level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Oral and Gastrointestinal Bacterial Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
The Specificity of Fantasy and the “Affective Novum”: A Theory of a Core Subset of Fantasy Literature
by Geoff M. Boucher
Literature 2024, 4(2), 101-121; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature4020008 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
This article proposes a new approach to the nature of a core set within fantasy fiction that regards it as a speculative literature of the exploration of subjectivity, one which at its limit conjectures fresh possibilities for the subjective world. To motivate acceptance [...] Read more.
This article proposes a new approach to the nature of a core set within fantasy fiction that regards it as a speculative literature of the exploration of subjectivity, one which at its limit conjectures fresh possibilities for the subjective world. To motivate acceptance of this proposed approach, I begin by surveying the existing state of debate in the critical field. I notice the emergence of widening agreement on the idea that fantasy is a literature of the impossible. I then develop the logical implications of this widening agreement in the critical field, arguing that it entails a representational definition of fantasy literature, which implies a modal approach to the core set that defines this literary order. I suggest that the marvellous mode, the kind of writing which represents the impossible, is a broad class that includes other speculative literatures, and that what differentiates these is the referential world within which the impossible happens. The aim here is to break up monolithic conceptions of the impossible, while pointing to a motivation for developing an understanding of the specificity of a core set of fantasy texts that proceeds by way of contrasts. After explaining why I am extremely skeptical about the definition of science fiction as a “literature of the possible”, I probe descriptions of the difference between fantasy and sci-fi. I propose that whereas some science fiction is a literature of conjectural objectivity, guided by the “cognitive novum”, a significant group of fantasy texts is a literature of speculative subjectivity, guided by an “affective novum”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue American Sci-Fi)
12 pages, 3712 KiB  
Article
Vegetation Changes and Dynamics of the Climate Variables in Southern Thailand over the Past 1500 Years
by Jian Wang, Lijuan Sha, Jin He, Xinnan Zhao, Rui Zhang, Baojun Yang and Hai Cheng
Minerals 2024, 14(5), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050519 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific, a vast biogeographic of Earth, is influenced by both the Indian and East Asian monsoons. Despite its geographical importance, this region has been less studied compared to East Asia and India. Here, we present speleothem records from southern Thailand that cover [...] Read more.
The Indo-Pacific, a vast biogeographic of Earth, is influenced by both the Indian and East Asian monsoons. Despite its geographical importance, this region has been less studied compared to East Asia and India. Here, we present speleothem records from southern Thailand that cover the last 1500 years, including a hiatus during the Little Ice Age, providing insights into the interactions among climate dynamics, human influences, and ecological responses to climate change. Notably, our records lack the characteristic cold and warm periods observed in other regions, such as the Dark Ages Cold Period and Medieval Warm Period, which may reflect the complexity of the tropical climate system or the region’s unique topography. The analysis reveals a link between ENSO multi-decadal variability and hydroclimate conditions in southern Thailand, as evidenced by speleothem δ18O. Furthermore, a comparison between speleothem δ13C and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) indicates significant vegetation changes in the last three decades, corresponding with increased atmospheric CO2 levels and expansion of agricultural land due to human activities during the Current Warm Period. Additionally, our study suggests that an abrupt increase in sea surface temperatures may enhance vegetation growth in the Indo-Pacific by influencing atmospheric circulation and increasing precipitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3881 KiB  
Article
Effect of Population Density on Personality of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
by Li Su, Leiyu Lu, Mengdi Si, Jingjing Ding and Chunlin Li
Animals 2024, 14(10), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14101486 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Personality is widely observed in animals and has important ecological and evolutionary implications. In addition to being heritable, personality traits are also influenced by the environment. Population density commonly affects animal behavior, but the way in which it shapes animal personality remains largely [...] Read more.
Personality is widely observed in animals and has important ecological and evolutionary implications. In addition to being heritable, personality traits are also influenced by the environment. Population density commonly affects animal behavior, but the way in which it shapes animal personality remains largely unknown. In this study, we reared juvenile crayfish at different population densities and measured their personality traits (shyness, exploration, and aggression) after reaching sexual maturity. Our results showed repeatability for each behavior in all treatments, except for the shyness of females at medium density. There was a negative correlation between shyness and exploration in each treatment, and aggression and exploration were positively correlated in medium- and high-density females. These indicate the presence of a behavior syndrome. On average, the crayfish raised at higher population densities were less shy, more exploratory, and more aggressive. We found no behavioral differences between the sexes in crayfish. These results suggested that population density may affect the average values of behavioral traits rather than the occurrence of personality traits. Our study highlights the importance of considering population density as a factor influencing personality traits in animals and, therefore, might help us to understand animal personality development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human-Animal Interactions, Animal Behaviour and Emotion)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 284 KiB  
Review
Exploring Innovative Approaches to Synthetic Tabular Data Generation
by Eugenia Papadaki, Aristidis G. Vrahatis and Sotiris Kotsiantis
Electronics 2024, 13(10), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101965 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The rapid advancement of data generation techniques has spurred innovation across multiple domains. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of data generation methodologies, with a keen focus on statistical and machine learning-based approaches. Notably, novel strategies like the divide-and-conquer (DC) approach and [...] Read more.
The rapid advancement of data generation techniques has spurred innovation across multiple domains. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of data generation methodologies, with a keen focus on statistical and machine learning-based approaches. Notably, novel strategies like the divide-and-conquer (DC) approach and cutting-edge models such as GANBLR have emerged to tackle a spectrum of challenges, spanning from preserving intricate data relationships to enhancing interpretability. Furthermore, the integration of generative adversarial networks (GANs) has sparked a revolution in data generation across sectors like healthcare, cybersecurity, and retail. This review meticulously examines how these techniques mitigate issues such as class imbalance, data scarcity, and privacy concerns. Through a meticulous analysis of evaluation metrics and diverse applications, it underscores the efficacy and potential of synthetic data in refining predictive models and decision-making software. Concluding with insights into prospective research trajectories and the evolving role of synthetic data in propelling machine learning and data-driven solutions across disciplines, this work provides a holistic understanding of the transformative power of contemporary data generation methodologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Data Science and Machine Learning)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3112 KiB  
Article
Rapid Waste Motor Oil Conversion into Diesel-Range Hydrocarbons Using Hydrochar as Catalyst: Kinetic Study and Product Characterization
by Herman A. Murillo, Evelyn Juiña, Karla Vizuete, Alexis Debut, Daniel Echeverría, Sebastian Taco-Vasquez and Sebastian Ponce
Recycling 2024, 9(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling9030039 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Herein, raw and alkali-treated hydrochars from biomass waste are prepared as a highly active catalyst for the conversion of waste motor oil into diesel-like fuels. Among all materials, hydrochar obtained at 250 °C and subsequent alkali activation with KOH showed a 600% improvement [...] Read more.
Herein, raw and alkali-treated hydrochars from biomass waste are prepared as a highly active catalyst for the conversion of waste motor oil into diesel-like fuels. Among all materials, hydrochar obtained at 250 °C and subsequent alkali activation with KOH showed a 600% improvement of the kinetic constant from 0.0088 to 0.0614 m−1. Conversion values at the same conditions were also improved from 66 to 80% regarding thermal and catalytic cracking, respectively. Moreover, the activation energy was also reduced from 293 to 246 kJ mol−1 for thermal and catalytic cracking, respectively. After characterization, the enhanced catalytic activity was correlated to an increased surface area and functionalization due to the alkali activation. Finally, the liquid product characterization demonstrated that catalytic cracking is more effective than thermal cracking for producing hydrocarbons in the diesel range. In particular, hydrochar-based catalysts are suggested to promote the formation of specific hydrocarbons so that the carbon distribution can be tailored by modifying the hydrothermal treatment temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 3702 KiB  
Review
MRI Application and Challenges of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate in Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Studies: A Literature Review
by Francesca Frijia, Alessandra Flori, Giulio Giovannetti, Andrea Barison, Luca Menichetti, Maria Filomena Santarelli and Vincenzo Positano
Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101035 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease shows, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging is a technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo. In this [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease shows, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging is a technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo. In this review, we introduce the main hyperpolarization techniques. Then, we summarize the use of dedicated radiofrequency 13C coils, and report a state of the art of 13C data acquisition. Finally, this review provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic in the near future and what technical challenges still remain, such as exploring other metabolic substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 602 KiB  
Communication
Discovery of Pathogenic Variants Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Using Whole-Exome Sequencing
by Jeong Yong Lee, JaeWoo Moon, Hae-Jin Hu, Chang Soo Ryu, Eun Ju Ko, Eun Hee Ahn, Young Ran Kim, Ji Hyang Kim and Nam Keun Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105447 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as at least two pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 5% of pregnant couples experience idiopathic RPL, which is a heterogeneous disease with various causes including hormonal, chromosomal, and intrauterine abnormalities. Although how pregnancy [...] Read more.
Idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as at least two pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 5% of pregnant couples experience idiopathic RPL, which is a heterogeneous disease with various causes including hormonal, chromosomal, and intrauterine abnormalities. Although how pregnancy loss occurs is still unknown, numerous biological factors are associated with the incidence of pregnancy loss, including genetic variants. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on blood samples from 56 Korean patients with RPL and 40 healthy controls. The WES data were aligned by means of bioinformatic analysis, and the detected variants were annotated using machine learning tools to predict the pathogenicity of protein alterations. Each indicated variant was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. A replication study was also conducted in 112 patients and 114 controls. The Variant Effect Scoring Tool, Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion tool, Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant annotation tool, and various databases detected 10 potential variants previously associated with spontaneous abortion genes in patients by means of a bioinformatic analysis of WES data. Several variants were detected in more than one patient. Interestingly, several of the detected genes were functionally clustered, including some with a secretory function (mucin 4; MUC4; rs200737893 G>A and hyaluronan-binding protein 2; HABP2; rs542838125 G>T), in which growth arrest-specific 2 Like 2 (GAS2L2; rs140842796 C>T) and dynamin 2 (DNM2; rs763894364 G>A) are functionally associated with cell protrusion and the cytoskeleton. ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 6 (ABCC6) was the only gene with two variants. HABP2 (rs542838125 G>T), MUC4 (rs200737893 G>A), and GAS2L2 (rs140842796 C>T) were detected in only the patient group in the replication study. The combination of WES and machine learning tools is a useful method to detect potential variants associated with RPL. Using bioinformatic tools, we found 10 potential variants in 9 genes. WES data from patients are needed to better understand the causes of RPL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 6983 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Shear Mechanism at Sand-Concrete Interface under the Influence of the Concave Groove Angle of the Contact Surface
by Zhigang Meng, Yunsong Li, Huanhuan Li, Songlin Shen and Haijiang Zhang
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051452 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
A “random-type” sand–concrete interface shear test was developed based on the sand cone method, with a focus on the most commonly encountered triangular contact surface morphology. A “regular-type” triangular interface, matched in roughness to the “random-type”, was meticulously designed. This “regular-type” interface features [...] Read more.
A “random-type” sand–concrete interface shear test was developed based on the sand cone method, with a focus on the most commonly encountered triangular contact surface morphology. A “regular-type” triangular interface, matched in roughness to the “random-type”, was meticulously designed. This “regular-type” interface features five distinct triangular groove inclinations: 18°, 33°, 50°, 70°, and 90°. A series of sand–concrete interface direct shear tests were conducted under consistent compaction conditions to investigate the impact of varying compaction densities and triangular groove inclinations on the shear strength at the interface. Particle flow simulations were utilized to examine the morphology of the shear band and the characteristics of particle migration influenced by the triangular contact surface. This analysis is aimed at elucidating the influence of the inclination of the triangular groove on the shear failure mechanism at the sand–concrete interface. The findings indicate that: (1) The morphology of the interface significantly impacts the shear strength of the sand–concrete interface, while the shape of the stress-displacement curve experiences minimal alteration. (2) At smaller inclination angles, particle contact forces are arranged in a wave-like configuration around the sawtooth tip, resulting in a non-uniform stress distribution along the sawtooth slope. However, as the inclination angle grows, the stress concentration at the sawtooth tip diminishes, and the stress distribution across the sawtooth slope becomes more consistent. (3) Particle migration is significantly influenced by the sawtooth’s inclination angle. At lower angles, particles climb the structure’s tip through sliding and rolling. As the angle increases, particle motion shifts to shear, accompanied by a transition in friction from surface friction to internal shear friction. This leads to the formation of a wider shear band and an increase in shear strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1466 KiB  
Article
Glycolysis and Automated Plaque Regrowth Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Performance
by Robert L. Karlinsey and Tamara R. Karlinsey
Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050146 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Purpose: This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF2), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/− alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and [...] Read more.
Purpose: This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF2), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/− alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and sodium fluoride. (NaF). Methods: Gingival dental plaque was collected and propagated using sterilized tryptic soy broth and sucrose, and then allocated into separate glycolysis and regrowth recipes for antiplaque evaluations. Glycolysis measurements (in duplicate) were recorded via pH microelectrode on plaque-treatment samples thermomixed (1200 rpm, 37 °C) for 4 h. For plaque regrowth, optical densities (in duplicate) were automatically collected on plaque-treatment samples using a microplate reader (linear shaking, 37 °C) from baseline to 4 h. Results: Calculations of percent change in pH and optical density were performed and analyzed for each set of antimicrobial treatment groups. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA, Student–Newman–Keuls stepwise comparison tests) revealed dose responses and significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatment groups, including between negative and clinically relevant positive controls. Conclusions: This lab method produces results consistent with published clinical observations. This glycolysis and plaque growth method is sensitive to antimicrobial mechanisms of action, and may offer a convenient and clinically relevant screening tool in the evaluation of putative antimicrobial agents and formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

More Articles...

Open Access Journals

► Browse by Indexing ► Browse by Subject ► Selected Journals
Explore All Journals...

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

News

15 May 2024
MDPI Echoes University of Basel's Call for Open Access: A Step Towards Equity
9 May 2024
Future Transportation Accepted into Emerging Sources Citation Index in Web of Science
2 May 2024
MDPI Insights: The CEO's Letter #11 – 2023 Annual Report, MDPI Awards, STM
More News & Announcements...

Blog Posts

More From Our Blog...

Topics

More Topics...
loading...

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Back to TopTop