Topic Editors

Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK

Emerging Food Safety Issues Associated with Mycotoxins

Abstract submission deadline
1 November 2023
Manuscript submission deadline
1 December 2023
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1734

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungi are ubiquitous, and the formation of mycotoxins is not restricted to any component of the human food or animal feed supply chains. The level of contamination varies depending on location and reflects agronomic practices, climate and storage conditions, and an array of physical, chemical, and biological factors. Globally, mycotoxins have significant human and animal health, economic, and international trade implications. This has important consequences in both developed and developing countries. In developing countries, the primary concern with mycotoxin contamination is human health, and the impact on animal health and production is the second major concern. By contrast, in developed economies, additional costs to the producer and/or the consumer to meet the economic burden of regulating food and feed supply are the major mycotoxin concern, followed by the impact on animal health and production. Mycotoxins, once formed, are usually very stable chemically and will persist through food and beverage manufacture. Mycotoxins present a major analytical challenge due to the range of chemical compounds that they represent and the array of food and feed matrices in which they are found. There are a number of areas of mycotoxin analysis that require further study and refinement, including commodity sampling techniques, conjugated toxin determination, and field screening of commodities, especially cereal grains. Analysis is essential for determining the occurrence and extent of mycotoxin contamination, for risk analysis, confirming the diagnosis of mycotoxicosis and for monitoring mycotoxins in traded commodities and for evaluating mitigation strategies. Moreover, suitable biomarkers are also required for exposure and mitigation monitoring. The body of knowledge on all aspects of mycotoxicology is growing rapidly, but gaps remain. This presents both challenges and opportunities for those who keep our food supply safe from mycotoxin contamination. This challenge will be ongoing as mycotoxins are naturally occurring compounds and the risk of occurrence will be aggravated by climate change and social upheaval. Meeting these emerging food safety issues will provide many economic benefits through less contaminated crops and improved health of both humans and animals. In this Special Issue, papers describing the occurrence, analysis, and mitigation of mycotoxins in food, beverages, and animal feed would be most welcome. Papers on implications for health along with papers covering global mycotoxin topics pertinent to maintaining a secure and safe food supply are invited.

Prof. Dr. Wayne L. Bryden
Prof. Dr. Naresh Magan
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • fungal ecology
  • occurrence
  • processing and storage
  • analysis
  • mitigation and prevention
  • toxicology and multitoxin interactions
  • exposure and risk assessment
  • economics, trade, and regulations
  • climate change
  • food/feed security
  • food/feed safety

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Agriculture
agriculture
3.6 3.6 2011 16.6 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Beverages
beverages
3.5 5.8 2015 21.5 Days CHF 1600 Submit
Foods
foods
5.2 5.8 2012 15.9 Days CHF 2900 Submit
Microorganisms
microorganisms
4.5 6.4 2013 14.5 Days CHF 2700 Submit
Toxins
toxins
4.2 7.5 2009 14.9 Days CHF 2700 Submit

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review
Advancements in Sample Preparation Methods for the Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Determination of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Food: An Overview
Foods 2023, 12(19), 3558; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12193558 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 196
Abstract
Zearalenone and its metabolites are mycotoxins generated by Fusarium species while crops are growing and can typically be found in various foods, posing a risk to human health. Governments have implemented stricter regulations concerning the permissible levels of zearalenone in food products to [...] Read more.
Zearalenone and its metabolites are mycotoxins generated by Fusarium species while crops are growing and can typically be found in various foods, posing a risk to human health. Governments have implemented stricter regulations concerning the permissible levels of zearalenone in food products to safeguard public health. Stricter regulations on zearalenone levels in food have been implemented. However, detecting zearalenone and its metabolites remains challenging due to sample complexity and interference. Surprisingly few reviews of sample preparation methods for zearalenone in food have appeared in the past decade. In this overview, we outline the most recent developments in the sample pre-treatment technology of zearalenone and its metabolites in food samples based on chromatography–mass spectrometry methods since 2012. This review covers some prominent technologies, such as liquid–liquid extraction-based methods, solid-phase extraction-based methods, and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction, providing valuable insights into their advantages and limitations for potential applications. The assessment of the methods discussed, along with an overview of current challenges and prospects, will guide researchers in advancing the field and ensuring safer food quality for consumers worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Emerging Food Safety Issues Associated with Mycotoxins)
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Article
Natural Occurrence of Alternaria Toxins in Citrus-Based Products Collected from China in 2021
Toxins 2023, 15(5), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050325 - 09 May 2023
Viewed by 889
Abstract
A total of 181 citrus-based products, including dried fruits, canned fruits, and fruit juices, collected from China and from abroad in 2021 were analyzed for the four Alternaria toxins (ALTs): alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) via [...] Read more.
A total of 181 citrus-based products, including dried fruits, canned fruits, and fruit juices, collected from China and from abroad in 2021 were analyzed for the four Alternaria toxins (ALTs): alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Although the concentrations of the four ALTs varied by product and geographically, TeA was the predominant toxin followed by AOH, AME, and TEN. Products made in China showed higher levels of ALTs than those made abroad. Maximum levels of TeA, AOH, and AME in analyzed domestic samples were 4.9-fold, 1.3-fold, and 1.2-fold, respectively, higher than those in imported products. Furthermore, 83.4% (151/181) of the analyzed citrus-based products were contaminated with at least two or more ALTs. There were significant positive correlations between AOH and AME, AME and TeA, and TeA and TEN in all analyzed samples. More importantly, the solid and the condensed liquid products had higher concentrations of ALTs than the semi-solid product samples, as well as tangerines, pummelos, and grapefruits compared to the other kinds of citrus-based products. In conclusion, co-contamination with ALTs in commercially available Chinese citrus-based products was universal. Extensive and systematic surveillance of ALTs in citrus-based products, both domestic and imported, is required to obtain more scientific data for the determination of the maximum allowable concentrations of ALTs in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Emerging Food Safety Issues Associated with Mycotoxins)
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