The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity

Order results

Result details

Journals

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

15 pages, 2555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selective Expansion of NKG2C+ Adaptive NK Cells Using K562 Cells Expressing HLA-E

by Minh-Trang Thi Phan, Jinho Kim, Seung Kwon Koh, Yuree Lim, Hongbi Yu, Mijeong Lee, Jong-Min Lee, Eun-Suk Kang, Hyun-Young Kim, Sang-Ki Kim, Ilwoong Hwang and Duck Cho

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169426 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2882

Abstract

Adaptive natural killer (NK) cells expressing self-specific inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) can be expanded in vivo in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Developing a method to preferentially expand this subset is essential for effective targeting of allogeneic cancer cells. A previous study developed an in vitro method to generate single KIR+ NK cells for enhanced targeting of the primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells; however, the expansion rate was quite low. Here, we present an effective expansion method using genetically modified K562-HLA-E feeder cells for long-term proliferation of adaptive NK cells displaying highly differentiated phenotype and comparable cytotoxicity, CD107a, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. More importantly, our expansion method achieved more than a 10,000-fold expansion of adaptive NK cells after 6 weeks of culture, providing a high yield of alloreactive NK cells for cell therapy against cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3565 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Revealing the Immune Heterogeneity between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Multi-Omics Data Analysis

by Yuntian Zhang and Tzong-Yi Lee

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5166; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095166 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4897

Abstract

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are greatly influenced by different immune cells. Nowadays both T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing technology have emerged with the maturity of NGS technology. However, both SLE and RA peripheral blood TCR or BCR repertoire sequencing remains lacking because repertoire sequencing is an expensive assay and consumes valuable tissue samples. This study used computational methods TRUST4 to construct TCR repertoire and BCR repertoire from bulk RNA-seq data of both SLE and RA patients’ peripheral blood and analyzed the clonality and diversity of the immune repertoire between the two diseases. Although the functions of immune cells have been studied, the mechanism is still complicated. Differentially expressed genes in each immune cell type and cell–cell interactions between immune cell clusters have not been covered. In this work, we clustered eight immune cell subsets from original scRNA-seq data and disentangled the characteristic alterations of cell subset proportion under both SLE and RA conditions. The cell–cell communication analysis tool CellChat was also utilized to analyze the influence of MIF family and GALECTIN family cytokines, which were reported to regulate SLE and RA, respectively. Our findings correspond to previous findings that MIF increases in the serum of SLE patients. This work proved that the presence of LGALS9, PTPRC and CD44 in platelets could serve as a clinical indicator of rheumatoid arthritis. Our findings comprehensively illustrate dynamic alterations in immune cells during pathogenesis of SLE and RA. This work identified specific V genes and J genes in TCR and BCR that could be used to expand our understanding of SLE and RA. These findings provide a new insight inti the diagnosis and treatment of the two autoimmune diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1446 KiB

Open AccessReview

Innate Lymphoid Cells: Emerging Players in Pancreatic Disease

by Saimeng Shi, Longyun Ye, Kaizhou Jin, Zhiwen Xiao, Xianjun Yu and Weiding Wu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3748; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073748 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4302

Abstract

Common pancreatic diseases have caused significant economic and social burdens worldwide. The interstitial microenvironment is involved in and plays a crucial part in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), an innate population of immune cells which have only gradually entered our visual field in the last 10 years, play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, regulating metabolism, and participating in regeneration and repair. Recent evidence indicates that ILCs in the pancreas, as well as in other tissues, are also key players in pancreatic disease and health. Herein, we examined the possible functions of different ILC subsets in common pancreatic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and discussed the potential practical implications of the relevant findings for future further treatment of these pancreatic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1321 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potential Utility of Natural Killer Cells for Eliminating Cells Harboring Reactivated Latent HIV-1 Following the Removal of CD8⁺ T Cell-Mediated Pro-Latency Effect(s)

by Georges Khoury, Deanna A. Kulpa and Matthew S. Parsons

Viruses 2021, 13(8), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081451 - 26 Jul 2021

Viewed by 2201

Abstract

An impediment to curing HIV-1 infection is the persistence of latently infected cells in ART-treated people living with HIV (PLWH). A key strategy for curing HIV-1 infection is to activate transcription and translation of latent virus using latency reversing agents (LRAs) and eliminate cells harboring reactivated virus via viral cytopathic effect or immune clearance. In this review, we provide an overview of available LRAs and their use in clinical trials. Furthermore, we describe recent data suggesting that CD8⁺ T cells promote HIV-1 latency in the context of ART, even in the presence of LRAs, which might at least partially explain the clinical inefficiency of previous “shock and kill” trials. Here, we propose a novel cure strategy called “unlock, shock, disarm, and kill”. The general premise of this strategy is to shut down the pro-latency function(s) of CD8⁺ T cells, use LRAs to reverse HIV-1 latency, counteract anti-apoptotic molecules, and engage natural killer (NK) cells to mediate the killing of cells harboring reactivated latent HIV-1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessReview

Monkeying around with MAIT Cells: Studying the Role of MAIT Cells in SIV and Mtb Co-Infection

by Ryan V. Moriarty, Amy L. Ellis and Shelby L. O’Connor

Viruses 2021, 13(5), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050863 - 08 May 2021

Viewed by 2592

Abstract

There were an estimated 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2019. While over 90% of individuals successfully control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes TB disease, HIV co-infection often leads to active TB disease. Despite the co-endemic nature of HIV and TB, knowledge of the immune mechanisms contributing to the loss of control of Mtb replication during HIV infection is lacking. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that target and destroy bacterially-infected cells and may contribute to the control of Mtb infection. Studies examining MAIT cells in human Mtb infection are commonly performed using peripheral blood samples. However, because Mtb infection occurs primarily in lung tissue and lung-associated lymph nodes, these studies may not be fully translatable to the tissues. Additionally, studies longitudinally examining MAIT cell dynamics during HIV/Mtb co-infection are rare, and lung and lymph node tissue samples from HIV+ patients are typically unavailable. Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide a model system to characterize MAIT cell activity during Mtb infection, both in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected and SIV-naïve animals. Using NHPs allows for a more comprehensive understanding of tissue-based MAIT cell dynamics during infection with both pathogens. NHP SIV and Mtb infection is similar to human HIV and Mtb infection, and MAIT cells are phenotypically similar in humans and NHPs. Here, we discuss current knowledge surrounding MAIT cells in SIV and Mtb infection, how SIV infection impairs MAIT cell function during Mtb co-infection, and knowledge gaps to address. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

22 pages, 1004 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of NK Cells in EBV Infection and EBV-Associated NPC

by Yi Tian Png, Audrey Zhi Yi Yang, Mei Ying Lee, Magdalene Jahn May Chua and Chwee Ming Lim

Viruses 2021, 13(2), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020300 - 15 Feb 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4364

Abstract

A vast majority of the population worldwide are asymptomatic carriers of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). However, some infected individuals eventually develop EBV-related cancers, including Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). NPC is one of the most common EBV-associated epithelial cancers, and is highly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. While NPC is highly sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, there is a lack of effective and durable treatment among the 15%–30% of patients who subsequently develop recurrent disease. Natural Killer (NK) cells are natural immune lymphocytes that are innately primed against virus-infected cells and nascent aberrant transformed cells. As EBV is found in both virally infected and cancer cells, it is of interest to examine the NK cells’ role in both EBV infection and EBV-associated NPC. Herein, we review the current understanding of how EBV-infected cells are cleared by NK cells, and how EBV can evade NK cell-mediated elimination in the context of type II latency in NPC. Next, we summarize the current literature about NPC and NK cell biology. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of NK cells in NPC. This information will deepen our understanding of host immune interactions with EBV-associated NPC and facilitate development of more effective NK-mediated therapies for NPC treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3791 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients

by Sebastian Deschler, Juliane Kager, Johanna Erber, Lisa Fricke, Plamena Koyumdzhieva, Alexandra Georgieva, Tobias Lahmer, Johannes R. Wiessner, Florian Voit, Jochen Schneider, Julia Horstmann, Roman Iakoubov, Matthias Treiber, Christof Winter, Jürgen Ruland, Dirk H. Busch, Percy A. Knolle, Ulrike Protzer, Christoph D. Spinner, Roland M. Schmid, Michael Quante and Katrin Böttcher Show full author list Hide full author list

Viruses 2021, 13(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020241 - 03 Feb 2021

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4325

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprises mild courses of disease as well as progression to severe disease, characterised by lung and other organ failure. The immune system is considered to play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, although especially the contribution of innate-like T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed the phenotype and function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, innate-like T cells with potent antimicrobial effector function, in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 by multicolour flow cytometry. Our data indicate that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with COVID-19, irrespective of the course of disease, and express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A and TNFα ex vivo. Of note, expression of the activation marker HLA-DR positively correlated with SAPS II score, a measure of disease severity. Upon MAIT cell-specific in vitro stimulation, MAIT cells however failed to upregulate expression of the cytokines IL-17A and TNFα, as well as cytolytic proteins, that is, granzyme B and perforin. Thus, our data point towards an altered cytokine expression profile alongside an impaired antibacterial and antiviral function of MAIT cells in COVID-19 and thereby contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 8866 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Longitudinal Analysis of Peripheral and Colonic CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T Cell Dysfunction in Acute HIV-1 Infection and Effects of Early Treatment Initiation

by Kerri G. Lal, Yuwadee Phuang-Ngern, Suchada Suhkumvittaya, Edwin Leeansyah, Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Joana Dias, Adam Waickman, Dohoon Kim, Eugène Kroon, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Leigh Anne Eller, Milton Maciel Jr., Rungsun Rerknimitr, Nitiya Chomchey, Nittaya Phanuphak, Mark S. de Souza, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Julie A. Ake, Sandhya Vasan, Merlin L. Robb, Jintanat Ananworanich, Johan K. Sandberg, Alexandra Schuetz, Michael A. Eller, Dominic Paquin-Proulx and on behalf of the RV217, RV254/SEARCH010, RV304/SEARCH Study Groups Show full author list Hide full author list

Viruses 2020, 12(12), 1426; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121426 - 11 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2731

Abstract

CD161 expression on CD4⁺ T cells is associated with a Th17 functional phenotype, as well as with an innate capacity to respond to interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 without T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with loss of the CD161⁺ CD4 T cell population, and non-human primate studies suggest that their depletion is associated with disease progression. However, the dynamics of the CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cell population during acute HIV-1 infection remains unknown. In this study, we characterize peripheral blood CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in detail, and examine how they are affected during the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection. Unbiased surface proteome screening and principal component analysis indicated that CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells are relatively phenotypically homogeneous between donors, and are intermediates between conventional CD4 T cells and innate-like T cells. In acute untreated HIV-1 infection, the circulating CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cell population decreased in frequency, as did absolute cell counts starting from peak viral load, with elevated levels of activation and exhaustion markers expressed throughout acute HIV-1 infection. The capacity of these cells to respond to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 was also reduced. Early initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) during acute HIV-1 infection restored the functionality of peripheral blood CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells, but not their frequency. In contrast, early ART initiation prevented the decline of colonic CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells that otherwise started during acute infection. Furthermore, loss of peripheral and colonic CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in untreated infection was associated with levels of viral load. These results suggest that acute HIV-1 infection has profound effects on the CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cell population that could not be completely prevented by the initiation of ART. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Displaying articles 1-8

Submit your Abstract

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Viruses viruses	4.7	7.1	2009	13.8 Days	CHF 2600
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	5.6	7.8	2000	16.3 Days	CHF 2900
Journal of Fungi jof	4.7	4.9	2015	18.4 Days	CHF 2600
Microorganisms microorganisms	4.5	6.4	2013	15.1 Days	CHF 2700
Microbiology Research microbiolres	1.5	1.3	2010	16.6 Days	CHF 1600

Topic Menu

Topic Editors

The Role of Innate Lymphocytes in Infection and Host Immunity

Topic Information

Keywords

Participating Journals

Published Papers (8 papers)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI