Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding

Abstract submission deadline

30 November 2023

Manuscript submission deadline

29 February 2024

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Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multimedia data can be defined as a combination of different data types such as text, audio, images, and video. Every day, a huge quantity of data is transmitted through the internet and other open networks. Securing the transmitted data and preventing any misuse of it is a big challenge. Various security methodologies, such as digital watermarking, data encryption, steganography, data hiding, and blockchain, have been developed for securing multimedia data.

Digital watermarking is used in copyright protection and in securing multimedia data through a networked environment. Data encryption or cryptographic methods encrypt the data at the sender side, transmit this data from the sender to the receiver, and then decrypt it at the receiver side. In image steganography, the message image is hidden in a cover image and changes its properties, providing a secret communication method which prevents hackers/attackers from detecting the message’s presence.

During the last decade, several remarkable methodologies have been developed to improve the levels of multimedia security. Blockchain is an emerging technique to keep the data within an open decentralized network.

Eligible papers will cover theoretical and applied issues including, but not limited to, the following:

• Principles of data security and emerging hybrid techniques.
• Image and video encryption, watermarking, steganography, and data hiding.
• Speech and audio encryption, watermarking, steganography, and data hiding.
• Multimedia security using blockchain.
• FPGA-based implementation for multimedia security.
• Embedded hardware for multimedia security.
• Applications of multimedia security in smart cities.
• Deep learning techniques for modelling threats and vulnerabilities in software.
• Automatic modelling of software and hardware attacks and defences using artificial intelligence algorithms.
• Adversarial machine learning techniques applied to DevSecOps.
• Automatic prediction of security flaws in software and hardware using deep learning algorithms.
• Artificial intelligence for automatic error correction.
• Artificial intelligence techniques for algorithmic verification.
• Deep learning techniques for the generation and mutation of abnormal application traffic patterns.
• Deep learning techniques for symbolic model checking.
• Use of artificial intelligence techniques for vulnerability prediction.
• Development of AI techniques to measure software resilience.
• Deep learning techniques for the detection of programming errors in binary and modern programming languages.
• Automatic abstraction techniques applicable to programming code.
• Techniques to increase privacy when sharing information.

Prof. Dr. Ki-Hyun Jung
Prof. Dr. Luis Javier García Villalba
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.7	4.5	2011	15.8 Days	CHF 2300	Submit
Cryptography cryptography	1.6	3.6	2017	24.8 Days	CHF 1600	Submit
Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy jcp	-	-	2021	20 Days	CHF 1000	Submit
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks jsan	3.5	7.6	2012	13.8 Days	CHF 1600	Submit
Sci sci	-	3.1	2019	38.1 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Symmetry symmetry	2.7	4.9	2009	14.7 Days	CHF 2400	Submit

Published Papers (6 papers)

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All Applied Sciences Cryptography JCP JSAN Sci Symmetry

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Open AccessArticle

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

by

Hannes Salin

and

Martin Lundgren

J. Cybersecur. Priv. 2023, 3(3), 591-609; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp3030028 - 01 Sep 2023

Viewed by 553

Abstract

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are an important development for society. C-ITSs enhance road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation through interconnected and intelligent communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic-management systems. Many real-world implementations still consider traditional Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) [...] Read more.

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are an important development for society. C-ITSs enhance road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation through interconnected and intelligent communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic-management systems. Many real-world implementations still consider traditional Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) as the underlying trust model and security control. However, there are challenges with the PKI-based security control from a scalability and revocation perspective. Lately, certificateless cryptography has gained research attention, also in conjunction with C-ITSs, making it a new type of security control to be considered. In this study, we use certificateless cryptography as a candidate to investigate factors affecting decisions (not) to adopt new types of security controls, and study its current gaps, key challenges and possible enablers which can influence the industry. We provide a qualitative study with industry specialists in C-ITSs, combined with a literature analysis of the current state of research in certificateless cryptographic in C-ITS. It was found that only 53% of the current certificateless cryptography literature for C-ITSs in 2022–2023 provide laboratory testing of the protocols, and 0% have testing in real-world settings. However, the trend of research output in the field has been increasing linearly since 2016 with more than eight times as many articles in 2022 compared to 2016. Based on our analysis, using a five-phased Innovation-Decision Model, we found that key reasons affecting adoption are: availability of proof-of-concepts, knowledge beyond current best practices, and a strong buy-in from both stakeholders and standardization bodies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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Open AccessReview

A Survey on Moving Target Defense: Intelligently Affordable, Optimized and Self-Adaptive

by

Rongbo Sun

,

Yuefei Zhu

,

Jinlong Fei

and

Xingyu Chen

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5367; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095367 - 25 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1048

Abstract

Represented by reactive security defense mechanisms, cyber defense possesses a static, reactive, and deterministic nature, with overwhelmingly high costs to defend against ever-changing attackers. To change this situation, researchers have proposed moving target defense (MTD), which introduces the concept of an attack surface [...] Read more.

Represented by reactive security defense mechanisms, cyber defense possesses a static, reactive, and deterministic nature, with overwhelmingly high costs to defend against ever-changing attackers. To change this situation, researchers have proposed moving target defense (MTD), which introduces the concept of an attack surface to define cyber defense in a brand-new manner, aiming to provide a dynamic, continuous, and proactive defense mechanism. With the increasing use of machine learning in networking, researchers have discovered that MTD techniques based on machine learning can provide omni-bearing defense capabilities and reduce defense costs at multiple levels. However, research in this area remains incomplete and fragmented, and significant progress is yet to be made in constructing a defense mechanism that is both robust and available. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive survey on MTD research, summarizing the background, design mechanisms, and shortcomings of MTD, as well as relevant features of intelligent MTD that are designed to overcome these limitations. We aim to provide researchers seeking the future development of MTD with insight into building an intelligently affordable, optimized, and self-adaptive defense mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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Open AccessArticle

Strike: Stream Cipher Based on Stochastic Lightning Strike Behaviour

by

Khaled Suwais

and

Sally Almanasra

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4669; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084669 - 07 Apr 2023

Viewed by 681

Abstract

There is an increasing need for secure and fast encryption algorithms to support applications and communication protocols, and business models. In this paper, we present an alternative stream cipher (Strike) inspired by the stochastic behaviour of lightning strike phenomena. The novelty and originality [...] Read more.

There is an increasing need for secure and fast encryption algorithms to support applications and communication protocols, and business models. In this paper, we present an alternative stream cipher (Strike) inspired by the stochastic behaviour of lightning strike phenomena. The novelty and originality of Strike stem from the utilisation of lightning strike behaviour as a source for generating random keystreams for encryption and decryption. Strike consists of three main functions: a function for setting up the security attributes, a function for generating lightning strikes and converting them to a keystream, and a function for plaintext encryption. The proposed stream cipher was tested against several cryptanalysis and statistical attacks in addition to other performance tests. The results show that Strike achieves high throughput on both high- and low-speed devices. Additionally, security analysis shows that our cipher is resistant to cryptanalysis and statistical attacks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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Open AccessArticle

Linear Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round Simeck Using Super Rounds

by

Reham Almukhlifi

and

Poorvi L. Vora

Cryptography 2023, 7(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7010008 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1421

Abstract

The Simeck family of lightweight block ciphers was proposed by Yang et al. in 2015, which combines the design features of the NSA-designed block ciphers Simon and Speck. Previously, we proposed the use of linear cryptanalysis using super-rounds to increase the efficiency of [...] Read more.

The Simeck family of lightweight block ciphers was proposed by Yang et al. in 2015, which combines the design features of the NSA-designed block ciphers Simon and Speck. Previously, we proposed the use of linear cryptanalysis using super-rounds to increase the efficiency of implementing Matsui’s second algorithm and achieved good results on all variants of Simon. The improved linear attacks result from the observation that, after four rounds of encryption, one bit of the left half of the state of the cipher depends on only 17 key bits (19 key bits for the larger variants of the cipher). We were able to follow a similar approach, in all variants of Simeck, with an improvement in Simeck 32 and Simeck 48 by relaxing the previous constraint of a single active bit, using multiple active bits instead. In this paper we present improved linear attacks against all variants of Simeck: attacks on 19-rounds of Simeck 32/64, 28-rounds of Simeck 48/96, and 34-rounds of Simeck 64/128, often with the direct recovery of the full master key without repeating the attack over multiple rounds. We also verified the results of linear cryptanalysis on 8, 10, and 12 rounds for Simeck 32/64. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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Open AccessArticle

High Throughput PRESENT Cipher Hardware Architecture for the Medical IoT Applications

by

Jamunarani Damodharan

,

Emalda Roslin Susai Michael

and

Nasir Shaikh-Husin

Cryptography 2023, 7(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7010006 - 06 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1442

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an intelligent technology applied to various fields like agriculture, healthcare, automation, and defence. Modern medical electronics is also one such field that relies on IoT. Execution time, data security, power, and hardware utilization are the four significant [...] Read more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an intelligent technology applied to various fields like agriculture, healthcare, automation, and defence. Modern medical electronics is also one such field that relies on IoT. Execution time, data security, power, and hardware utilization are the four significant problems that should be addressed in the data communication system between intelligent devices. Due to the risks in the implementation algorithm complexity, certain ciphers are unsuitable for IoT applications. In addition, IoT applications are also implemented on an embedded platform wherein computing resources and memory are limited in number. Here in the research work, a reliable lightweight encryption algorithm with PRESENT has been implemented as a hardware accelerator and optimized for medical IoT-embedded applications. The PRESENT cipher is a reliable, lightweight encryption algorithm in many applications. This paper presents a low latency 32-bit data path of PRESENT cipher architecture that provides high throughput. The proposed hardware architecture has been implemented and tested with XILINX XC7Z030FBG676-2 ZYNQ FPGA board 7000. This work shows an improvement of about 85.54% in throughput with a reasonable trade-off over hardware utilization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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Open AccessArticle

Building Trusted Federated Learning: Key Technologies and Challenges

by

Depeng Chen

,

Xiao Jiang

,

Hong Zhong

and

Jie Cui

J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2023, 12(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12010013 - 06 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2380

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) provides convenience for cross-domain machine learning applications and has been widely studied. However, the original FL is still vulnerable to poisoning and inference attacks, which will hinder the landing application of FL. Therefore, it is essential to design a trustworthy [...] Read more.

Federated learning (FL) provides convenience for cross-domain machine learning applications and has been widely studied. However, the original FL is still vulnerable to poisoning and inference attacks, which will hinder the landing application of FL. Therefore, it is essential to design a trustworthy federation learning (TFL) to eliminate users’ anxiety. In this paper, we aim to provide a well-researched picture of the security and privacy issues in FL that can bridge the gap to TFL. Firstly, we define the desired goals and critical requirements of TFL, observe the FL model from the perspective of the adversaries and extrapolate the roles and capabilities of potential adversaries backward. Subsequently, we summarize the current mainstream attack and defense means and analyze the characteristics of the different methods. Based on a priori knowledge, we propose directions for realizing the future of TFL that deserve attention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Security, Encryption and Encoding)

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