Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the construction and development of BeiDou and Galileo systems, GNSS technology, as the core technology of achieving positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), has developed rapidly. In order to achieve GNSS precise positioning, there are currently two implementation routes: observation space representation (OSR) and state space representation (SSR). OSR is using observations of a reference station directly or the derived distance-related corrections to eliminate user observation errors based on the high correlation of adjacent GNSS station's observations, while SSR is using actual state-space data, i.e., improved ephemeris (orbit and clock, satellite biases), ionospheric and tropospheric models, etc. to represent the complete GNSS state. The typical OSR technology is real-time kinematic (RTK) relying on double-differenced (DD) ambiguity resolution. The typical SSR technology is precise point positioning (PPP) /PPP-RTK by processing undifferenced (UD) pseudorange and carrier-phase observations from a stand-alone GNSS receiver together with SSR precise ephemeris. Recently, low earth orbit (LEO) enhanced GNSS positioning technology has become an effective means to obtain instant precise positioning. The improvement of application requirements and technological progress directly promotes the application of GNSS high-precision positioning technology from the traditional field to the mass field. Different from traditional GNSS high-precision applications, e.g., surveying and mapping, and GNSS emerging applications, e.g., autonomous driving and drones, have significant application characteristics, including a massive number of users, global wide-area instantaneous positioning, safety-critical operation, location privacy protection, etc.

This Topic is devoted to new advances and research results on GNSS and its application in emerging fields. This Topic includes but is not limited to: GNSS high-precision positioning theories; GNSS precise orbit determination and real-time precise clock estimation; GNSS ionosphere and troposphere modeling; GNSS augmentation messages credible monitoring and assessment; Credible PNT; GNSS+LEO augmentation; GNSS RTK, PPP, PPP-RTK; Multi-sensor fusion; GNSS autonomous driving application.

Dr. Liang Chen
Dr. Zhiguo Deng
Prof. Dr. Guanwen Huang
Prof. Dr. Huizhong Zhu
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.838	3.7	2011	14.9 Days	2300 CHF	Submit
Electronics electronics	2.690	3.7	2012	14.4 Days	2000 CHF	Submit
Remote Sensing remotesensing	5.349	7.4	2009	19.7 Days	2500 CHF	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.847	6.4	2001	15 Days	2400 CHF	Submit

Published Papers (6 papers)

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All Applied Sciences Electronics Remote Sensing Sensors

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Open AccessArticle

GNSS Real-Time Warning Technology for Expansive Soil Landslide—A Case in Ningming Demonstration Area

by

Zi Chen

,

Guanwen Huang

,

Wei Xie

,

Yongzhi Zhang

and

Le Wang

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(11), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112772 - 26 May 2023

Viewed by 165

Abstract

Efficient monitoring and early warning are the preconditions of realizing expansive soil landslide hazard prevention and control. Previous early warning of expansive soil landslides was evaluated through soil sampling experiments to analyze the stability coefficient. However, the existing methods lack timeliness and ignore [...] Read more.

Efficient monitoring and early warning are the preconditions of realizing expansive soil landslide hazard prevention and control. Previous early warning of expansive soil landslides was evaluated through soil sampling experiments to analyze the stability coefficient. However, the existing methods lack timeliness and ignore the inconsistent deformation characteristics of different parts of the landslide mass. There are still difficulties in the dynamic numerical early warning of landslides at multiple points. Considering that the degradation of expansive soil landslides’ strength is directly reflected by surface displacement, for the Ningming expansive soil demonstration area and based on the GNSS shallow real-time displacement monitoring sequence, a landslide early-warning method based on the GNSS displacement rate combined with the GNSS displacement tangent angle model was proposed, and we thus designed early-warning thresholds for different warning levels. Combined with multi-source data such as soil moisture, soil pressure, and rainfall, the feasibility of accurate early warning of expansive soil landslides based on GNSS real-time surface displacement was verified. The proposed method does not require numerical calculation of internal stress and achieved two successful early warnings of landslides in the test area, which has a certain promotional value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Characteristics for Inter-System Bias on Multi-GNSS Undifferenced and Uncombined Precise Point Positioning

by

Yangyang Lu

,

Hu Yang

,

Bo Li

,

Jun Li

,

Aigong Xu

and

Mingze Zhang

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(9), 2252; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092252 - 24 Apr 2023

Viewed by 418

Abstract

Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has become the mainstream of PPP technology. Due to the differences in the coordinates and time references of each GNSS, multi-GNSS PPP must include additional Inter-System Bias (ISB) parameters to ensure compatibility between [...] Read more.

Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has become the mainstream of PPP technology. Due to the differences in the coordinates and time references of each GNSS, multi-GNSS PPP must include additional Inter-System Bias (ISB) parameters to ensure compatibility between different GNSSs. Therefore, research on the characteristics of ISB is also essential. To analyze the short- and long-term time characteristics of multi-GNSS ISBs, as well as their relationship with receiver type and receiver antenna type, the Undifferenced and Uncombined (UDUC) PPP model of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), and Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo) was rigorously derived, and the physical of ISBs was elaborated in depth. ISB parameters were estimated and analyzed using 31 days of data from the 31 Multi-GNSS Experimental stations (MGEX). The results indicate that: (1) the ISB value is dependent on the station receiver type, receiver antenna type, analysis center product utilized, and GNSS system. (2) The short-term time characteristics of ISB-COM, ISB-WUM, and ISB-GBM are similar for the same station but not for the long term. In addition, ISBs are more stable in the short term. (3) There is little correlation between the ISB time characteristics, the receiver type, and the receiver antenna type, and the day-boundary discontinuity(DBD) on the ISB can be ignored for the concussive days’ process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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Open AccessArticle

A Real-Time Linear Prediction Algorithm for Detecting Abnormal BDS-2/BDS-3 Satellite Clock Offsets

by

Yaping Gao

,

Guo Chen

,

Wenju Fu

,

Xi Chen

,

Liangliang Ma

,

Tong Luo

and

Dongdong Xue

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(7), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 437

Abstract

Due to space environment interference, imperfect data processing model, and the performance of atomic clocks, real-time satellite clock products often contain outliers or irregular biases. We propose a real-time linear moving short-term prediction algorithm to predict clock offsets and detect abnormalities. The proposed [...] Read more.

Due to space environment interference, imperfect data processing model, and the performance of atomic clocks, real-time satellite clock products often contain outliers or irregular biases. We propose a real-time linear moving short-term prediction algorithm to predict clock offsets and detect abnormalities. The proposed algorithm mainly includes phase/frequency anomaly detection and real-time prediction part. Both the phase and frequency domains are used to detect abnormal clock offsets with previous epochs for building the clock prediction model accurately. The real-time moving prediction module utilizes the high short-term prediction performance to check the clock abnormality. The performance of the algorithm is then evaluated for all satellites with real-time estimated satellite clock offsets. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed linear moving model and algorithm, the results of the grey model GM(1,1) and the ARIMA model are also compared. The experimental results indicated that the algorithm can detect clock outliers, frequency modulation, and phase jumps, and the linear model has a better clock performance improvement. After the abnormalities are removed with the proposed algorithm, the average STD accuracy of the real-time clock offsets for all satellites is improved by 15.5%, compared to an improvement of 11.4% by the GM(1,1) model and 11.5% by the ARIMA model. The PPP results demonstrate that the proposed clock prediction algorithm improves the positioning accuracy by 8.1%, 13.3%, and 16.9% in the east, north, and up components, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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Open AccessArticle

Rapid Estimation of Undifferenced Multi-GNSS Real-Time Satellite Clock Offset Using Partial Observations

by

Wei Xie

,

Guanwen Huang

,

Wenju Fu

,

Shi Du

,

Bobin Cui

,

Mengyuan Li

and

Yue Tan

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(7), 1776; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071776 - 26 Mar 2023

Viewed by 498

Abstract

Real-time satellite clock offset is a crucial element for real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). However, the elapsed time for undifferenced (UD) multi-global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time satellite clock offset estimation at each epoch is increased with the growth of stations, which may [...] Read more.

Real-time satellite clock offset is a crucial element for real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). However, the elapsed time for undifferenced (UD) multi-global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time satellite clock offset estimation at each epoch is increased with the growth of stations, which may fall short of real-time application requirements. Therefore, a rapid estimation method for UD multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offset is proposed to improve the computation efficiency, in which both the dimension of the normal equation (NEQ) and the number of redundant observations are calculated before adjustment; if these two values are larger than the predefined thresholds, the elevation mask is gradually increased until they are less than the predefined thresholds. Then, the clock offset estimation is conducted; this method is called clock offset estimation using partial observations. Totals of 50, 60, 70 and 80 stations are applied to perform experiments. Compared to clock offset estimation using all observations, the elapsed times of clock offset estimation using partial observations can be reduced from 6.80 to 3.10 s, 7.93 to 2.97 s, 12.04 to 3.14 s for 60, 70 and 80 stations, respectively. By using the proposed method, the elapsed time of the clock offset estimation at each epoch is less than 5 s. The estimated clock offset accuracy for GPS, BDS-3, Galileo and GLONASS satellites are better than 0.04, 0.05, 0.03 and 0.16 ns when using the partial observations to estimate clock offset with 50, 60, 70 and 80 stations, respectively. For the multi-GNSS kinematic PPP using the estimated clock offset from 50, 60, 70 and 80 stations with partial observations, the positioning accuracy at 95% confidence level in the east, north and up direction are better than 2.70, 2.20 and 5.60 cm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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Open AccessTechnical Note

GNSS High-Precision Augmentation for Autonomous Vehicles: Requirements, Solution, and Technical Challenges

by

Liang Chen

,

Fu Zheng

,

Xiaopeng Gong

and

Xinyuan Jiang

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(6), 1623; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061623 - 17 Mar 2023

Viewed by 796

Abstract

Autonomous driving is becoming a pivotal technology that can realize intelligent transportation and revolutionize the future of mobility. Various types of sensors, including perception sensors and localization sensors, are essential for high-level autonomous and intelligent vehicles (AIV). In this paper, the characteristics of [...] Read more.

Autonomous driving is becoming a pivotal technology that can realize intelligent transportation and revolutionize the future of mobility. Various types of sensors, including perception sensors and localization sensors, are essential for high-level autonomous and intelligent vehicles (AIV). In this paper, the characteristics of different sensors are compared, and the application characteristics and requirements of AIV are analyzed in depth. These analyses indicate that: GNSS, as the unique localization sensor that can obtain an absolute position, can not only provide all-weather position and time information for internal multi-sensor fusion but also act as a standard spatiotemporal reference for all autonomous systems; Furthermore, AIVs aim to provide safety for a mass user base ranging from tens to hundreds of millions; for this, AIVs require a global wide-area and instantaneous precise positioning service with location privacy protection. Based on a “geometry-bound” description of road grade and vehicle size, it has been found that GNSS requirements in autonomous vehicles include decimeter-level positioning with the assurance of high integrity. Combined with high-integrity GNSS implementation in the civil aviation field, GNSS different technology routes, and commercial solutions, a state space representation (SSR)-based GNSS high-precision augmentation positioning solution for AIV is summarized and introduced. The solution can achieve instantaneous, precise positioning with high integrity in a wide area by utilizing passive positioning mode with location privacy protection. In addition, the research progress on key technologies in the solution and existing challenges is investigated in detail by reviewing a series of publications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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Open AccessReview

Satellite Navigation Signal Authentication in GNSS: A Survey on Technology Evolution, Status, and Perspective for BDS

by

Xiao Chen

,

Ruidan Luo

,

Ting Liu

,

Hong Yuan

and

Haitao Wu

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(5), 1462; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051462 - 05 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1230

Abstract

As the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used in all walks of life, the signal structure of satellite navigation is open, and the vulnerability to spoofing attacks is also becoming increasingly prominent, which will seriously affect the credibility of navigation, positioning, [...] Read more.

As the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used in all walks of life, the signal structure of satellite navigation is open, and the vulnerability to spoofing attacks is also becoming increasingly prominent, which will seriously affect the credibility of navigation, positioning, and timing (PNT) services. Satellite navigation signal authentication technology is an emerging technical means of improving civil signal anti-spoofing on the satellite navigation system side, and it is also an important development direction and research focus of the GNSS. China plans to carry out the design and development of the next-generation Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), and one of its core goals is to provide more secure and credible PNT services. This paper first expounds on the principles and technical architecture of satellite navigation signal authentication, then clarifies the development history of satellite navigation signal authentication, and finally proposes the BDS authentication service system architecture. It will provide technical support for the construction and development of the follow-up Beidou authentication service. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in PNT Technology with GNSS as the Core and Its Application in Emerging Fields)

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