Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Bioengineering bioengineering	5.046	6.3	2014	14.8 Days	2000 CHF	Submit
Journal of Functional Biomaterials jfb	4.901	10.0	2010	11.9 Days	2000 CHF	Submit
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing jmmp	-	4.8	2017	13.5 Days	1600 CHF	Submit
Lubricants lubricants	3.584	4.5	2013	12.4 Days	1800 CHF	Submit
Machines machines	2.899	3.1	2013	16.2 Days	2000 CHF	Submit

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Analysis of the Thermo-Deformation Treatment Process of Flat Surfaces of Machine Parts

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J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2023, 7(3), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030101 - 20 May 2023

Viewed by 294

Abstract

Thermo-deformation treatment refers to methods of strengthening during which strengthened layers with a nanocrystalline structure are formed in the surface layers by modifying the metal surface layer, which changes its phase and structural and chemical compositions, reduces grain size, and improves performance. Grinding [...] Read more.

Thermo-deformation treatment refers to methods of strengthening during which strengthened layers with a nanocrystalline structure are formed in the surface layers by modifying the metal surface layer, which changes its phase and structural and chemical compositions, reduces grain size, and improves performance. Grinding of the metal structure was achieved by combining two methods simultaneously during this treatment: the action of a highly concentrated energy source on the surface layer and intense plastic deformation. The source of highly concentrated energy was generated in the contact zone of the tool-disc, which rotates at high speed during friction on the treated surface. Intense deformation was achieved due to the grooves on the tool’s working surface. Dynamic analysis of the thermo-deformation treatment process of flat surfaces of machine parts and a calculation scheme of the surface grinder machine’s elastic system, which is the three-mass model, were developed. When the groove width increased from 4 mm to 8 mm, the force amplitude in the contact zone increased from 10 N to 75 N. Accordingly, the thickness of the nanocrystalline layer increased from 190–220 μm to 250–260 μm, and its hardness increased from 9.3 GPa to 11.1 GPa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Determination of the Cutting-Edge Microgeometry Based on Process Forces during Peripheral Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Using Machine Learning

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Matthias Wimmer

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Roman Hartl

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Michael F. Zaeh

J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2023, 7(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030100 - 19 May 2023

Viewed by 385

Abstract

The residual stress state of the machined sub-surface influences the service quality indicators of a component, such as fatigue life, tribological properties, and distortion. During machining, the radius of the cutting edge changes due to tool wear. The cutting-edge rounding significantly affects the [...] Read more.

The residual stress state of the machined sub-surface influences the service quality indicators of a component, such as fatigue life, tribological properties, and distortion. During machining, the radius of the cutting edge changes due to tool wear. The cutting-edge rounding significantly affects the residual stress state in the part and the occurring process forces. This paper presents a tool wear prediction model based on in-process measured cutting forces. The effects of the cutting-edge geometry on the force behavior and the machining-induced residual stresses were examined experimentally. The resulting database was used to realize a Machine Learning algorithm to calculate the hidden value of tool wear. The predictions were validated by milling experiments using rounded cutting edges for different process parameters. The microgeometry of the cutting edge could be determined with a Root Mean Square Error of 8.94 μm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils

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J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050270 - 12 May 2023

Viewed by 555

Abstract

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on polycarbonate [...] Read more.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on polycarbonate (PC) for controlled release of activated chlorine (Cl⁺) and thymol separately and combined are described. Thin coatings were prepared by polymerization of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] urea (TMSPU) in ethanol/water basic solution by modified Stöber polymerization, followed by spreading the formed dispersion onto surface-oxidized PC film using a Mayer rod with appropriate thickness. Activated Cl-releasing coating was prepared by chlorination of the PC/SiO₂-urea film with NaOCl through the urea amide groups to form a Cl-amine derivatized coating. Thymol releasing coating was prepared by linking thymol to TMSPU or its polymer via hydrogen bonds between thymol hydroxyl and urea amide groups. The activity towards T4 bacteriophage and canine coronavirus (CCV) was measured. PC/SiO₂-urea-thymol enhanced bacteriophage persistence, while PC/SiO₂-urea-Cl reduced its amount by 84%. Temperature-dependent release is presented. Surprisingly, the combination of thymol and chlorine had an improved antiviral activity, reducing the amount of both viruses by four orders of magnitude, indicating synergistic activity. For CCV, coating with only thymol was inactive, while SiO₂-urea-Cl reduced it below a detectable level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of CH₄ Flow Rate on the Tribological Behaviors of TiCN Films against Si₃N₄ Ceramic and Steel Ball

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Lubricants 2023, 11(5), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050209 - 08 May 2023

Viewed by 637

Abstract

Control of the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN films play an important role in its numerous applications, including the cutting tools, mechanical components, aeronautical and biomedical engineering industries. Direct-current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system was applied to deposit TiCN films onto n-type [...] Read more.

Control of the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN films play an important role in its numerous applications, including the cutting tools, mechanical components, aeronautical and biomedical engineering industries. Direct-current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system was applied to deposit TiCN films onto n-type silicon (100) at room temperature. The Ti-TiN interlayer was used to enhance the adhesive strength between the coating and the substrate. The composition and microstructure of the TiCN films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field-emitted scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical properties of the films as a function of methane (CH₄) flow ratio were then characterized using nano-indentation measurements. The tribological behavior of TiCN films was investigated by UMT-2MT tribometer against a Si₃N₄ ceramic and AISI52100 steel ball. After the tribological tests, the wear rate of the films was obtained by the 3D surface profiler and the component content of wear debris was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the tribological properties of TiCN films are a function of CH₄ flow rates. The film obtained at a 10 sccm CH₄ flow rate possesses a minimum average COF value of 0.1964 and reaches 72,000 cycles against a Si₃N₄ ball over the test duration. Furthermore, the wear rate was only 2.076 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/N·m. Furthermore, the TiCN films exhibited longer lifespan against the Si₃N₄ ball than against the steel ball under the normal load of 1 N, indicating that the TiCN films present better lubricative properties when against low-hardness counterparts than high-hardness counterparts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Process Map Definition for Laser Metal Deposition of VDM Alloy 780 on the 316L Substrate

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J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2023, 7(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030086 - 26 Apr 2023

Viewed by 518

Abstract

VDM Alloy 780 is a novel Ni-based superalloy that allows for approximately 50 °C higher operating temperatures, compared to Inconel 718, without a significant decrease in mechanical properties. The age hardenable NiCoCr Alloy combines increased temperature strength with oxidation resistance, as well as [...] Read more.

VDM Alloy 780 is a novel Ni-based superalloy that allows for approximately 50 °C higher operating temperatures, compared to Inconel 718, without a significant decrease in mechanical properties. The age hardenable NiCoCr Alloy combines increased temperature strength with oxidation resistance, as well as improved microstructural stability due to γ′-precipitation. These advantages make it suitable for wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings that can be used in high temperature applications. However, VDM Alloy 780 has not yet been sufficiently investigated for laser metal deposition applications. A design of experiments with single tracks on 316L specimens was carried out to evaluate the influence of the process parameters on clad quality. Subsequently, the quality of the clads was evaluated by means of destructive and non-destructive testing methods, in order to verify the suitability of VDM Alloy 780 for laser metal deposition applications. The single-track experiments provide a basis for coating or additive manufacturing applications. For conveying the results, scatter plots with regression lines are presented, which illustrate the influence of specific energy density on the resulting porosity, dilution, powder efficiency, aspect ratio, width and height. Finally, the clad quality, in terms of porosity, is visualized by two process maps with different mass per unit lengths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Influence of Laser Surface Texture on the Anti-Friction Properties of 304 Stainless Steel

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Machines 2023, 11(4), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11040473 - 12 Apr 2023

Viewed by 432

Abstract

To enhance the anti-friction properties of 304 stainless steel, friction experiments were conducted on it after laser surface texturing. The influences of laser scanning speed, repetition frequency, processing times, laser beam line spacing, and lattice spacing on the friction properties of 304 stainless [...] Read more.

To enhance the anti-friction properties of 304 stainless steel, friction experiments were conducted on it after laser surface texturing. The influences of laser scanning speed, repetition frequency, processing times, laser beam line spacing, and lattice spacing on the friction properties of 304 stainless steel were investigated by contrast tests under annular filling mode. The results revealed that laser texturing improved the anti-friction properties of 304 stainless steel. The friction coefficient of the sample surface decreased first and then increased with the increase in scanning speed, repetition frequency, processing times, laser beam line spacing, and lattice spacing. Based on this, process optimization found that a stainless steel surface with good anti-friction properties could be obtained when the laser power was 0.3 W, the repetition frequency was 50 kHz, the scanning speed was 80 mm/s, the laser beam line spacing was 1 μm, the lattice spacing was 200 μm, and the number of processing times was two. Finally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of wear morphology on the sample surface showed that the laser textured surface could collect debris during effective friction, which reduced the occurrence of abrasive and adhesive wear. Meanwhile, the actual contact area of the friction pair was effectively reduced, thereby reducing friction force and wear. This study provided experimental data and a theoretical basis for improving the friction properties of the 304 stainless steel surface and laid the foundation for its reliable use under friction and wear conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Coated Composite Micro–Texture Tool on Cutting Shape and Cutting Force during Aluminum Alloy Cutting

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Machines 2023, 11(4), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11040439 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 511

Abstract

Aluminum alloy materials are very difficult to break in the processing process; chip accumulation leads to poor processing stability. In this paper, a coated composite micro–textured tool is presented. The influence of coated composite micro–textured tool on chip shape and cutting force under [...] Read more.

Aluminum alloy materials are very difficult to break in the processing process; chip accumulation leads to poor processing stability. In this paper, a coated composite micro–textured tool is presented. The influence of coated composite micro–textured tool on chip shape and cutting force under the same cutting parameters is studied. Firstly, the combination of cutting force and cutting temperature is optimized based on cutting test. Secondly, combined with the finite element simulation technology, three kinds of composite micro–texture tools are tested to determine the same cutting parameters, tools and workpiece materials, and optimize the composite micro–texture combination from the angle of chip shape, cutting temperature and cutting force. Finally, on the basis of optimizing the microstructure combination, the optimization of the cutting performance of aluminum alloy by coating material is studied. It was found that the chip was more easily broken in the composite microstructure when two tools were used. The cutting force decreased by 25% and the cutting temperature decreased by 9.09% compared with the non–micro–texture tools. The cutting temperature and cutting force decreased by 3% and 4.99% compared with those of uncoated composite microstructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Conical Grinding Wheel Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding Micro-Texture Surface Formation Mechanism

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Machines 2023, 11(4), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11040428 - 27 Mar 2023

Viewed by 522

Abstract

The rotating ultrasonic-assisted grinding (RUAG) experiment of the conical grinding wheel generated the intermittent pit-shaped micro-texture on the surface of the workpiece, reducing thermal damage and improving the lubrication characteristics compared with conventional grinding (CG). To further optimize the surface properties, this paper [...] Read more.

The rotating ultrasonic-assisted grinding (RUAG) experiment of the conical grinding wheel generated the intermittent pit-shaped micro-texture on the surface of the workpiece, reducing thermal damage and improving the lubrication characteristics compared with conventional grinding (CG). To further optimize the surface properties, this paper studied the formation mechanism of micro-texture. This study used as basis the theory that micro-debris volume equals the macroscopic material removal one to establish the mathematical equation of grinding depth. Thereafter, formulas of micro-texture feature parameters, including pit length, pit depth, and texture spacing were deduced. The solved microscopic grinding depth was alternatingly positive and negative, indicating that the alternating separation between the grinding grain and workpiece caused intermittent pits in the grinding. Through response surface analysis (RSA), this paper analyzed the relationships among macroscopic grinding depth, micro-texture feature parameters, and machining parameters (i.e., amplitude, feed rate, and rotational speed). Single-factor experiments of machining parameters, with finite element simulation and experiment methods, were performed to verify the theoretical micro-texture features. The simulated program formed three-dimensional surfaces with micro-textures. Their measurement results were consistent with the theoretical ones. Experimental results proved that the range of pit length covers the theoretical ones, further verifying the accuracy of the grinding depth model. For this grinding wheel, the 8–10 μm amplitude was optimal for better roughness, lubrication, and thermal damage. Roughness was improved when increasing the rotational speed or reducing the feed rate based on the experiment. If the rotational speed and feed rate exceed the limiting values, then continuous grinding will break down the abrasive grains and even damage the cubic boron nitride (CBN) coating. Experimental results likewise showed that the pit shape was closely related to the surface properties, which deserves further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Investigation on White Layer Formation in Dry High-Speed Milling of Nickel-Based Superalloy GH4169

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Machines 2023, 11(3), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030406 - 21 Mar 2023

Viewed by 658

Abstract

To investigate the formation mechanism of the white layer on the machined surface during high-speed milling of nickel-based superalloy GH4169, several cutting parameters were selected for milling experiments. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were employed to [...] Read more.

To investigate the formation mechanism of the white layer on the machined surface during high-speed milling of nickel-based superalloy GH4169, several cutting parameters were selected for milling experiments. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were employed to characterize element distribution, phase transformation, and microstructure changes in the machined surface of the superalloy and then reveal the formation mechanism of the white layer on the machined surface. The results show that the white layer appears on the machined surface of GH4169, which is dense and has no obvious structural features. The total amount of elements in the white layer remains unchanged, but the distribution of elements such as C, N, O, Fe, and Ni changes due to phase change. The formation mechanism of the white layer is due to the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization caused by the heat–force coupling effect, which leads to the grain refinement of the material and thus forms the white layer. This investigation can provide theoretical support to improve the service life of the parts in actual machining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Interbody Implants on the Biomechanical Behavior of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study

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J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020113 - 17 Feb 2023

Viewed by 764

Abstract

Porous titanium interbody scaffolds are growing in popularity due to their appealing advantages for bone ingrowth. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of scaffold materials in both normal and osteoporotic lumbar spines using a finite element (FE) model. Four scaffold materials [...] Read more.

Porous titanium interbody scaffolds are growing in popularity due to their appealing advantages for bone ingrowth. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of scaffold materials in both normal and osteoporotic lumbar spines using a finite element (FE) model. Four scaffold materials were compared: Ti6Al4V (Ti), PEEK, porous titanium of 65% porosity (P65), and porous titanium of 80% porosity (P80). In addition, the range of motion (ROM), endplate stress, scaffold stress, and pedicle screw stress were calculated and compared. The results showed that the ROM decreased by more than 96% after surgery, and the solid Ti scaffold provided the lowest ROM (1.2–3.4% of the intact case) at the surgical segment among all models. Compared to solid Ti, PEEK decreased the scaffold stress by 53–66 and the endplate stress by 0–33%, while porous Ti decreased the scaffold stress by 20–32% and the endplate stress by 0–32%. Further, compared with P65, P80 slightly increased the ROM (<0.03°) and pedicle screw stress (<4%) and decreased the endplate stress by 0–13% and scaffold stress by approximately 18%. Moreover, the osteoporotic lumbar spine provided higher ROMs, endplate stresses, scaffold stresses, and pedicle screw stresses in all motion modes. The porous Ti scaffolds may offer an alternative for lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Simulation Study on Bearing Lubrication Mechanism and Friction Characteristics of the Biomimetic Non-Smooth Surface of a Cross-Scale, Second-Order Compound Microstructure

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Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020077 - 11 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 683

Abstract

The reasonable design of biomimetic non-smooth surfaces is a novel and effective way to solve problems such as the poor lubricity and serious friction and wear of friction pairs of seawater axial piston pumps. Inspired by cross-scale, second-order compound microstructures on the surfaces [...] Read more.

The reasonable design of biomimetic non-smooth surfaces is a novel and effective way to solve problems such as the poor lubricity and serious friction and wear of friction pairs of seawater axial piston pumps. Inspired by cross-scale, second-order compound microstructures on the surfaces of some living organisms, a hydrodynamic lubrication model of a slipper pair with a surface featuring spherical pits containing spherical convex hulls was built. This study analyzed the bearing lubrication mechanism and friction characteristics of cross-scale, second-order compound microstructure from the microflow perspective via the CFD method and optimized the working and geometric parameters using a hybrid orthogonal test scheme. The study’s results show that the cross-scale, second-order compound microstructure can produce a superimposed hydrodynamic pressure effect to improve the bearing capacity of the lubrication film of a slipper pair, reducing the friction coefficient. The orders of factors (the working parameter and geometric parameters) under multiple indices (the total pressure-bearing capacity and the friction coefficient) were found. The optimal combination is a spherical pit with a first order diameter of 0.7 mm, a first order depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.1, an area rate of 20%, an arrangement angle of α/3 and a spherical convex hull with a second order diameter of 0.13 mm, and a second order depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.3. Compared to a smooth surface and a first-order, non-smooth microstructure, the cross-scale, second-order compound microstructure has an 11.0% and 8.9% higher total pressure-bearing capacity, respectively, and the friction coefficient decreased by 9.5% and 5.4%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Novel Tool Path Generation Method for Pocket Machining Using Sound Field Synthesis Theory

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Machines 2023, 11(2), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11020131 - 18 Jan 2023

Viewed by 784

Abstract

Contour parallel tool paths have been proved to be a preferred machining strategy for their advantage of less tool retractions and less sharp turns. The traditional geometrical algorithm-based tool path generation method often makes it hard to simply and simultaneously solve the problems [...] Read more.

Contour parallel tool paths have been proved to be a preferred machining strategy for their advantage of less tool retractions and less sharp turns. The traditional geometrical algorithm-based tool path generation method often makes it hard to simply and simultaneously solve the problems of self-intersection, no residual, and smoothness at the same time due to their contradictions. To address this issue, a contoured parallel tool path generation method for pocket machining is developed in this study. It is based on sound field synthesis theory inspired by the phenomenon of sound wave propagation. Firstly, the simplified medial axis (SMA) tree of the pocket is extracted and the propagation direction of each SMA segment is calculated on account of the geometric characteristics of the pocket boundary. Secondly, the final tool path is obtained through the synthesis of the sound field. Finally, the novel method is verified on five different pockets to generate a contoured parallel milling tool path. After machining these pockets and measuring the machining time, roughness, and cutting force, the experimental results demonstrate that the tool path obtained by the novel method has advantages in improving machining quality and efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Microstructure of TiN /TiCN Layer on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of the Ti/TiN/TiCN Films

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Lubricants 2023, 11(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010021 - 05 Jan 2023

Viewed by 822

Abstract

A direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system at room temperature was applied to deposit the Ti/TiN/TiCN films. In order to research the effect of the microstructure of the TiN/TiCN layer on the Ti/TiN/TiCN films, the deposition time ratio of the TiN/TiCN layer ranged [...] Read more.

A direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system at room temperature was applied to deposit the Ti/TiN/TiCN films. In order to research the effect of the microstructure of the TiN/TiCN layer on the Ti/TiN/TiCN films, the deposition time ratio of the TiN/TiCN layer ranged from 28.57 to 200%, and the whole deposition time of the films and the deposition time of Ti layer were constant. In this work, the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of films were investigated. The research results showed that the composition and structure of the films only slightly changed, while the crystalline orientation of the TiCN layer was of significant variation with the deposition time of the TiN layer. It is shown that the adhesion strength and internal stresses were 18.6 ± 1.5 N and 140 MPa when the deposition time ratio was 50%. By adjusting the deposition time ratio, the films displayed significant improvement in tribological behaviors. The coefficients of friction (COF) for the films deposited under deposition time ratio of 50% were about only 0.139 when the value of COF was stabilized. This work can provide a good wear-resisting film prepared approach at room temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Fretting Wear Characteristics of SLM-Formed 316L Stainless Steel in Seawater

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Mingji Huang

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Ping Chen

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Xiaoxi Qiao

Lubricants 2023, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010007 - 26 Dec 2022

Viewed by 743

Abstract

The fretting wear characteristics of two different energy density 316L stainless steels formed by selective laser melting (SLM) under different friction conditions are studied. The image method was used to study the porosity of two samples with different energy densities (46.88 J/mm³ [...] Read more.

The fretting wear characteristics of two different energy density 316L stainless steels formed by selective laser melting (SLM) under different friction conditions are studied. The image method was used to study the porosity of two samples with different energy densities (46.88 J/mm³, 98.96 J/mm³) formed by SLM. The dynamic wear test, respectively, evaluates its wear morphology and wear depth under three conditions: dry friction, distilled water, and an 3.5% NaCl solution. The porosity of the samples with SLM forming an energy density of 46.88 J/

{mm}^{3}

and 98.96 J/

{mm}^{3}

are 7.66% and 1.00%, respectively. Under the three conditions, the friction coefficient and wear depth of the samples with high energy density are smaller than those of the samples with low energy density; the friction of the samples with two energy densities in aqueous solution is faster than dry friction in air and tends to be stable. The friction coefficient in 3.5% NaCl solution is the smallest; when the energy density is constant, the wear depth of the fretting wear is the largest under dry friction and the smallest in distilled water. Under dry-friction conditions, the wear mechanisms of fretting wear are mainly oxidative wear and adhesive wear. In the fretting wear in the distilled water and the 3.5% NaCl solution, both wear mechanisms are abrasive wear and fatigue wear. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Process Parameters on Stress Field of Laser Additive Manufacturing

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Machines 2022, 10(12), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121197 - 11 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 817

Abstract

In order to optimize the additive manufacturing process and find the process parameters affecting the mechanical properties of the parts, an additive manufacturing simulation model of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was established, and the effects of ambient temperature, substrate thickness and wire temperature on [...] Read more.

In order to optimize the additive manufacturing process and find the process parameters affecting the mechanical properties of the parts, an additive manufacturing simulation model of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was established, and the effects of ambient temperature, substrate thickness and wire temperature on the stress field and residual stress field were analyzed. The results show that the ambient temperature is inversely proportional to the residual stress of the cladding layer, while the substrate thickness and wire temperature are positively correlated to the residual stress of the cladding layer. When the ambient temperature increases from 0 °C to 600 °C, the maximum residual stress decreases by 36.0%, the maximum residual stress increases by 10.0% when the substrate thickness increases from 25 mm to 55 mm and the maximum residual stress increases by 7.48% when the temperature increases from 0 °C to 600 °C. The influence of the three parameters on the maximum residual stress is as follows: ambient temperature > substrate thickness > wire temperature. The research results can provide reference for stress control during actual manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)

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