Waterborne Pathogens and Their Surrogates: Detection, Inactivation and Challenges

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The majority of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with the recreational use of untreated waters are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses, yet direct monitoring strategies for waterborne pathogens remain technically challenging, and in some cases not feasible. While fecal indicator bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli and Enterococci) and other alternative indicator organisms (i.e., bacteriophages, microbial source tracking markers and Clostridium spp.) are suitable indicators of fecal pollution, their relationship with waterborne pathogens, especially viruses, is tenuous at best, and influenced by many different factors. We are excited to announce the launch of a new Topic titled “Waterborne Pathogens and their Surrogates: Detection, Inactivation and Challenges”.

The focus of the Topic includes but is not limited to (1) the occurrence of waterborne pathogens in ambient waters and wastewater, (2) methodological advances in waterborne pathogen detection and quantification, and (3) explorations of the waterborne pathogen relationship with various indicator organisms, including their inactivation properties. We welcome original research articles, literature reviews and a limited number of other communications, including perspectives and opinions.

Dr. Brian R. McMinn
Dr. Warish Ahmed
Dr. Asja Korajkic
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Microorganisms microorganisms	4.5	6.4	2013	15.1 Days	CHF 2700
Parasitologia parasitologia	-	-	2021	19.8 Days	CHF 1000
Pathogens pathogens	3.7	5.1	2012	16.4 Days	CHF 2700
Water water	3.4	5.5	2009	16.5 Days	CHF 2600

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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All Microorganisms Parasitologia Pathogens Water

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14 pages, 3866 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Infection Induces Carp IL-10 Expression, Both In Vitro and In Vivo

by Ping Ouyang, Yu Tao, Wenyan Wei, Qiunan Li, Shuya Liu, Yongqiang Ren, Xiaoli Huang, Defang Chen and Yi Geng

Microorganisms 2023, 11(11), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112812 - 20 Nov 2023

Viewed by 945

Abstract

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both immune enhancement and immunosuppression activities, but the main role is immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory ability. In order to use the immunosuppressive function of IL-10, many viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus and EB virus, can [...] Read more.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both immune enhancement and immunosuppression activities, but the main role is immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory ability. In order to use the immunosuppressive function of IL-10, many viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus and EB virus, can evade the host’s immune surveillance and clearance by increasing the expression of host IL-10. However, it has not been reported whether the aquatic animal infection virus can upregulate the expression of host IL-10 and the mechanisms are still unknown. Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a fatal viral disease for many fish species and is caused by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). This disease has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. In this study, the expression of carp IL-10 with or without infection of SVCV in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells, carp head kidney (cHK) primary cells and common carp tissues were analyzed using RT-PCR and ELISA. The results show that SVCV infection induced carp IL-10 mRNA and protein expression, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the upregulation of carp IL-10 by SVCV was hindered by specific inhibitors of the JAK inhibitor (CP-690550), STAT3 inhibitor (STA-21), NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor (SB202190), but not JNK inhibitor (SP600125). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2 and STAT5 played important roles in carp IL-10 production induced by SVCV infection. Taken together, SVCV infection significantly induced carp IL-10 expression and the upregulation trigged in JAK-STAT, NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a fish infection virus upregulated the host IL-10 expression through the JAK-STAT, NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways. Altogether, fish viruses may have a similar mechanism as human or other mammalian viruses to escape host immune surveillance and clearance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Waterborne Pathogens and Their Surrogates: Detection, Inactivation and Challenges)

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13 pages, 1553 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Isolation, Genetic Analysis and Biofilm Characteristics of Listeria spp. from the Marine Environment in China

by Pan Mao, Yan Wang, Lingling Li, Shunshi Ji, Peijing Li, Lingyun Liu, Jinni Chen, Hui Sun, Xia Luo and Changyun Ye

Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2166; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092166 - 27 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that can cause listeriosis. Despite the growing recognition of Listeria spp. as a foodborne and environmental pathogen, the understanding of its prevalence and characteristics of Listeria spp. in the marine environment remains unknown. In this study, we [...] Read more.

Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that can cause listeriosis. Despite the growing recognition of Listeria spp. as a foodborne and environmental pathogen, the understanding of its prevalence and characteristics of Listeria spp. in the marine environment remains unknown. In this study, we first investigated the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Listeria species isolated in a coastal city in China. The findings revealed that the sequence type 87 (ST87) L. monocytogenes, a prevalent clinical and seafood strain in China, dominates in recreational beach sands and possesses a notable biofilm-forming capacity in seawater. The presence of ST87 L. monocytogenes in coastal environments indicates the potential health risks for both recreational activities and seafood consumption. Moreover, the ST121 isolates from sand had a versatile plasmid encoding multifunctional genes, including uvrX for UV resistance, gbuC for salt resistance, and npx for oxidative resistance and multiple transposases, which potentially aid in survival under natural environments. Black-headed gulls potentially facilitate the spread of L. monocytogenes, with similar ST35 strains found in gulls and beach sand. As a reservoir of microbes from marine environments and human/animal excrement, coastal sand would play an important role in the spread of L. monocytogenes and is an environmental risk for human listeriosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Waterborne Pathogens and Their Surrogates: Detection, Inactivation and Challenges)

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