Nanomaterial Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Air Pollutant Detection

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Selective NO₂ Detection of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ Ceramic Prepared by the Sol-Gel Technique and DRIFT Measurements to Elucidate the Gas Sensing Mechanism

Rodrigo Espinoza-González

Carmen Castro-Castillo

and

Francisco Gracia

Materials 2023, 16(9), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093390 - 26 Apr 2023

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Abstract

NO₂ is one of the main greenhouse gases, which is mainly generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. In addition to its contribution to global warming, this gas is also directly dangerous to humans. The present work reports the structural and gas sensing properties of the CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ compound prepared by the sol-gel technique. Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of the pseudo-cubic CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ compound, with less than 4 wt% of the secondary phases. The microstructural and elemental composition analysis were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, while the elemental oxidation states of the samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The gas sensing response of the samples was performed for different concentrations of NO₂, H₂, CO, C₂H₂ and C₂H₄ at temperatures between 100 and 300 °C. The materials exhibited selectivity for NO₂, showing a greater sensor signal at 250 °C, which was correlated with the highest concentration of nitrite and nitrate species on the CCTO surface using DRIFT spectroscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nanomaterial Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Air Pollutant Detection)

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Open AccessReview

Accelerating the Gas–Solid Interactions for Conductometric Gas Sensors: Impacting Factors and Improvement Strategies

Hongchao Zhao

Yanjie Wang

and

Yong Zhou

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083249 - 20 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Metal oxide-based conductometric gas sensors (CGS) have showcased a vast application potential in the fields of environmental protection and medical diagnosis due to their unique advantages of high cost-effectiveness, expedient miniaturization, and noninvasive and convenient operation. Of multiple parameters to assess the sensor performance, the reaction speeds, including response and recovery times during the gas–solid interactions, are directly correlated to a timely recognition of the target molecule prior to scheduling the relevant processing solutions and an instant restoration aimed for subsequent repeated exposure tests. In this review, we first take metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) as the case study and conclude the impact of the semiconducting type as well as the grain size and morphology of MOSs on the reaction speeds of related gas sensors. Second, various improvement strategies, primarily including external stimulus (heat and photons), morphological and structural regulation, element doping, and composite engineering, are successively introduced in detail. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed so as to provide the design references for future high-performance CGS featuring swift detection and regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nanomaterial Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Air Pollutant Detection)

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Open AccessArticle

Nanoporous Graphene Oxide-Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensor with Dual-Signal Responses for Trimethylamine Detection

and

Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9939; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249939 - 16 Dec 2022

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Abstract

This paper presents a straightforward method to develop a nanoporous graphene oxide (NGO)-functionalized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensor for the detection of trimethylamine (TMA), aiming to form a reliable monitoring mechanism strategy for low-concentration TMA that can still cause serious odor nuisance. The synthesized NGO material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify its structure and morphology. Compared with the bare and GO-based QCM sensors, the NGO-based QCM sensor exhibited ultra-high sensitivity (65.23 Hz/μL), excellent linearity (R² = 0.98), high response/recovery capability (3 s/20 s) and excellent repeatability (RSD = 0.02, n = 3) toward TMA with frequency shift and resistance. Furthermore, the selectivity of the proposed NGO-based sensor to TMA was verified by analysis of the dual-signal responses. It is also proved that increasing the conductivity did not improve the resistance signal. This work confirms that the proposed NGO-based sensor with dual signals provides a new avenue for TMA sensing, and the sensor is expected to become a potential candidate for gas detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nanomaterial Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Air Pollutant Detection)

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Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Nano applnano	-	-	2020	20 Days	1000 CHF	Submit
Biosensors biosensors	5.743	5.6	2011	13.7 Days	2200 CHF	Submit
Chemosensors chemosensors	4.229	3.4	2013	14.7 Days	2000 CHF	Submit
Materials materials	3.748	4.7	2008	13.9 Days	2300 CHF	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.847	6.4	2001	15 Days	2400 CHF	Submit

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