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Wind Energy Planning by considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Issues
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Wind Energy Planning by considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Issues

A special issue of Wind (ISSN 2674-032X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 8214

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ali Mostafaeipour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Industrial Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd 89158-18411, Iran
Interests: energy; renewable energies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ahmad Sedaghat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Australian College of Kuwait, Safat 13015, Kuwait
Interests: renewable energy; aerodynamics; wind turbines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran
Interests: sustainable energy; artificial intelligence method; renewable energy, nexus; integrated modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
Interests: renewable energy; wind energy; closed-loop supply chain; sustainable logistics; supply chain design in energy; meta-heuristic in renewables
Dr. Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran 1434863111, Iran
Interests: wind energy; location planning; multi-criteria decision-making; sustainability; economic assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, due to increasing energy demand and the need to pay attention to environmental issues, renewable energy sources are receiving special attention. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is the fastest-growing source of energy in the world, and is a clean and renewable source that has recently been adopted for use in many countries. This energy is easily available worldwide and can be used in a wide range of applications. The use of wind energy has increased due to low construction costs, fast installation, and short-term operation. However, the development and utilization of wind energy and economic issues also affect social and environmental issues. The price of electricity generated and its impact on communities and the environment must be examined in order to exploit wind energy. In wind energy planning, it is necessary to consider the economic, social, and environmental dimensions as well as the existing obstacles and challenges. Therefore, economic, social, and environmental assessments in wind energy planning are essential to improve decision-making in this area.

Therefore, the purpose of the Special Issue, entitled "Wind energy planning by considering social, environmental, and economic issues", is to expand the study of the development and use of wind energy, with a focus on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions.

This Special Issue will publish new contributions in engineering, environmental sciences, economic analysis, and the impact of wind energy policies. Its main readership will include researchers and planners at universities, research institutes, industry departments, and policymakers in developing and exploiting wind energy.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Economic, social, and environmental assessment of wind energy;
  • Location planning of wind energy with a focus on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions;
  • Economic, social, and environmental analysis of the development of wind energy technologies;
  • New advances in wind energy in reducing the price of energy produced and reducing social and environmental impacts;
  • Environmental and socio-economic aspects of wind energy technology;
  • Identifying and evaluating development strategies of wind-energy focusing on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions;
  • Assessing the economic, social, and environmental barriers to wind energy development;
  • Investigation of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions in remote rural regions;
  • Development of wind energy in offshore areas and its impact on economic, social, and environmental aspects;
  • Development of wind energy in recreational tourist areas and study of economic, social, and environmental dimensions;
  • Planning for wind energy development in underdeveloped countries and examining social, economic, and environmental issues;
  • Wind energy supply chain management considering sustainability concerns.

Dr. Ali Mostafaeipour
Dr. Ahmad Sedaghat
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
Prof. Dr. Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
Dr. Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Wind is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind energy
  • location planning
  • multi-criteria decision-making
  • sustainability, economic assessment
  • social assessment
  • environmental assessment
  • wind forecast

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2501 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Regional Elevation and Blade Density Effects on the Efficiency of a 1-kW Wind Turbine for Operation in Low-Wind Counties in Iran
by Vahid Akbari, Mohammad Naghashzadegan, Ramin Kouhikamali and Wahiba Yaïci
Wind 2023, 3(3), 320-342; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3030019 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1256
Abstract
This research investigates the effect of blade density and elevation above sea level on the startup time (Ts) and power coefficient (Cp) of a 1-kW two-bladed wind turbine. The study uses three Iranian hardwoods as the blade [...] Read more.
This research investigates the effect of blade density and elevation above sea level on the startup time (Ts) and power coefficient (Cp) of a 1-kW two-bladed wind turbine. The study uses three Iranian hardwoods as the blade material and four counties of Iran with low wind speeds and different elevations as the case studies. The BW-3 airfoil is considered as the blade profile. A multi-objective optimization process with the aid of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is utilized to specify the chord length and twist angle. The findings demonstrate that, while the maximum Cp of the optimal blades designed with all three types of wood is high and equal to 0.48, the average Ts of the optimal blades designed with oak and hornbeam wood is 84% and 108% higher than that of alder wood, respectively. It is also observed that, while raising the elevation to 2250 m decreases the Cp by only 2.5%, the ideal blade designed to work at sea level could not manage to start rotating at a height of 1607 m and above. Finally, an improvement in the Ts and Cp was observed by performing optimization based on the local atmospheric conditions associated with the incrementing blade chord length at high elevations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind Energy Planning by considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Issues)
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11 pages, 1559 KiB  
Article
Economic Impacts of Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations for the Protection of Bat Populations in Ontario
by Bethany G. Thurber, Ryan J. Kilpatrick, Graeme H. Tang, Christa Wakim and J. Ryan Zimmerling
Wind 2023, 3(3), 291-301; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3030017 - 13 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Wind energy is a growing industry in Canada to meet the demand for a renewable supply of energy. However, wind turbine operation represents a high mortality risk for bat populations, and regulators often require that steps are taken to mitigate this risk. The [...] Read more.
Wind energy is a growing industry in Canada to meet the demand for a renewable supply of energy. However, wind turbine operation represents a high mortality risk for bat populations, and regulators often require that steps are taken to mitigate this risk. The result is concern among operators about lost revenue potential. This study was, therefore, designed to estimate the theoretical financial impact of curtailing turbine operations to mitigate for bat mortality for all wind farms that were constructed and operating in Ontario, Canada, as of 1 January 2020 (n = 87 wind farms). Empirical data from the Canadian Wind Farm SCADA and meteorological systems are not publicly available; thus, we were compelled to use data from the Canadian Wind Turbine database, the Environment and Climate Change Canada Wind Atlas, and the Independent Electricity System Operator to calculate the total theoretical energy production for all wind turbines in the province using manufacturer power curves and a measure–correlate–predict linear regression method. We estimated the financial impacts for all wind farms on the assumption that operations were curtailed when the Wind Atlas modelled local wind speed was <5.5 m/s between 6 pm of one day and 6 am the following day, between 15 July and 30 September, using the lower and upper limits of power-purchase agreement rates for Ontario wind farms: 115 and 150 CAD/MWh. We used generalized linear modelling to test whether the variability in production loss was predicted based on factors related to turbine design and site wind speeds. We estimated that total annual wind energy production would be reduced from 12.09 to 12.04 TWh if all Ontario wind farms implemented operational curtailment, which is equivalent to a difference of 51.2 GWh, or 0.42%. Production loss was related to turbine cut-in speeds and average site wind speeds recorded between 15 July and 30 September. The estimated profit losses were 6.79 ± 0.9 million CAD compared to estimated earnings of 1.6 ± 0.21 billion CAD, which suggests that mitigating bat mortality may represent a small cost to the industry relative to the conservation benefits for bat populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind Energy Planning by considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Issues)
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18 pages, 2139 KiB  
Article
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf
by Laura Ferraz de Paula and Bruno Souza Carmo
Wind 2022, 2(3), 495-512; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2030027 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3536
Abstract
Brazil is currently witnessing the dawn of its offshore wind industry, and companies, government, investors, and society must understand the risks and possible environmental impacts this technology can generate. This paper aims to partially fill this need by presenting an analysis of the [...] Read more.
Brazil is currently witnessing the dawn of its offshore wind industry, and companies, government, investors, and society must understand the risks and possible environmental impacts this technology can generate. This paper aims to partially fill this need by presenting an analysis of the environmental impacts that would be caused by a 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine to be installed on the Brazilian continental shelf through an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). We assumed that the wind turbine would supply electrical power to a floating oil and gas extraction platform, with the intention of reducing the amount of energy produced with fossil fuels in these platforms, in order to decrease the carbon footprint of this economic activity. The turbine would be mounted on a semi-submersible platform with a high mass of steel, and a battery system for energy storage. We considered two different sites for the turbine installation, Campos Basin and Santos Basin, which are the most important areas of oil and gas extraction in Brazil. The EIA examines the effects caused by the turbine in the ecosystems around it, showing that the fauna suffers from various impacts such as sedimentation, electromagnetic fields, and others, but few species are seriously affected, except for birds, which can have a risk of mortality. The LCA makes an assessment on the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption for each part of the life cycle of the project, finding a total 21.61 g of CO2 emitted per kWh of energy produced by the turbine. The total energy consumed was 89,131.31 GJ, which causes an Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) of 16.28 and Energy Payback Time (EPT) of 1.23 years. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the effect of the variation of several parameters related to recycling, maintenance and failures, and the capacity factor, on the values of CO2 emission and energy consumption. These analyses showed that variations in the amount of steel recycled and in the capacity factor of the system cause the most significant changes in EPR and EPT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind Energy Planning by considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Issues)
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