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Qualitative and Quantitative Status of Groundwater Bodies and Interaction with...
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Qualitative and Quantitative Status of Groundwater Bodies and Interaction with Surface Water Bodies

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 4707

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elisabetta Preziosi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, Monterotondo, Italy
Interests: natural background levels; groundwater quality; groundwater monitoring; sustainable water resources management; climate changes; groundwater flow modeling; water framework directive; groundwater directive
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luisa Stellato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental Heritage, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Interests: isotope hydrology; hydrogeology; surface water-groundwater interactions; radon; stable isotopes; nitrate contamination; landfill leachate contamination; coastal aquifers
Dr. Harald Hofmann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: hydrogeology; stable isotopes; mean residence time estimations; groundwater chemistry; surface water/groundwater interactions; cosmogenic isotopes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A good qualitative and quantitative groundwater status is necessary in order to preserve water resources and water-related ecosystems for the next generations. Groundwater has been habitually considered the hidden resource with respect to the more visible surface water.

However, over the past two decades, numerous studies have supported the concept that   groundwater and surface water need to be considered together, as part of a hydrological continuum.

When surface water and groundwater are hydraulically connected, degradation of one resource can affect the quality of the other. For example, polluted groundwater entering a stream can affect surface water quality if no degradation mechanisms occur to mitigate this impact. Conversely, polluted surface water can enter the groundwater and jeopardize groundwater ecosystems and any legitimate use of groundwater resources.

Groundwater and surface waters interact at different spatial and temporal scales depending on system hydrogeology and geomorphology, which in turn influence nutrient cycling and in-stream ecology in relation to climatic, geologic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors. The study of the interface between surface water and groundwater, known as the hyporheic zone, has seen the tight collaboration of hydrogeologists and ecologists in order to elucidate processes affecting stream and ecosystem functioning. Recently, these processes are assessed in the broader framework of the critical zone, the constantly evolving boundary layer where rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms interact, from the top of the trees to the bottom of aquifers.

This Special Issue aims to make a point regarding the state of the art in the assessment of the groundwater–surface water interactions (GWSI) and the biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone, from site-specific to catchment-wide or regional scale. We welcome the submission of papers describing the hydrological and biogeochemical processes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales as well as the development of conceptual and predictive models or new methodological approaches for the assessment of the quality and quantity of these interactions.

Dr. Elisabetta Preziosi
Dr. Luisa Stellato
Dr. Harald Hofmann
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hyporheic zone
  • groundwater
  • surface water
  • critical zone
  • water framework directive
  • groundwater related ecosystems, surface water–groundwater interactions

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2944 KiB  
Article
Assessing Transmission Losses through Ephemeral Streams: A Methodological Approach Based on the Infiltration of Treated Effluents Released into Streams
by Ivan Portoghese, Silvia Brigida, Rita Masciale and Giuseppe Passarella
Water 2022, 14(22), 3758; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223758 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic pressures are the main drivers of the quantitative and qualitative depletion of water bodies, worldwide. Nowadays, in many urban areas, discharging effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into surface water bodies is a management solution to face the problem [...] Read more.
Climate change and anthropogenic pressures are the main drivers of the quantitative and qualitative depletion of water bodies, worldwide. Nowadays, in many urban areas, discharging effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into surface water bodies is a management solution to face the problem of water scarcity and sustain environmental flows. Although this practice can cause some concerns in public opinion about possible ecological side-effects and impairment of quality on receiving streams, it is an important contribution to the environmental baseflow of ephemeral streams, but also to groundwater recharge, especially during dry seasons, and in semi-arid and arid regions. This latter occurs through losing reaches along the streambed, though many factors may affect the infiltration rate, such as spatial distribution of streambed sediments and bedrock or the presence of channel lining. Moving from such premises, this study focuses on the Canale Reale River, an effluent-fed stream located nearby the city of Brindisi on the south-eastern side of the Apulia Region, in Italy. The Canale Reale flows through the Torre Guaceto protected wetland, located along the Adriatic coast. It collects effluents from four WWTPs with wastewater contributing for about 16.5% of the annual volume of channel drainage (i.e., 3.82 Mm3 out of 23.02 Mm3 along its 50 km long course). Within the framework of a complex geological setting, the Canale Reale River crosses different lithologies, which implies different streambed infiltration conditions. Using the Reach Length Water Balance method (RLWB), the transmission losses between the watercourse and the underlying aquifers were investigated. Particularly, the method allowed for the estimation of a spatially-average value of the riverbed’s infiltration rate applicable to the whole river course as well as the minimum, average, and maximum potential transmission losses (TLP) from the river to the underlying groundwater systems. Combining the estimated TLP values and the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) allowed for the inferring of the Transmission Loss Duration Curves (TLDC). Finally, the water volume infiltrating during an average hydrological year was estimated to be 6.25 Mm3, 61% of which was due to treated wastewater discharge. The results obtained confirm that the practice of increasing the river flow rates with WWTP effluents reduces the dry riverbed periods, with potential improvements to the river’s ecological sustainability and relevant enhancement of groundwater recharge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative and Quantitative Status of Groundwater Bodies and Interaction with Surface Water Bodies)
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19 pages, 4943 KiB  
Article
Water Recharges Suitability in Kabul Aquifer System within the Upper Indus Basin
by Qasim Mahdawi, Jay Sagin, Malis Absametov and Abdulhalim Zaryab
Water 2022, 14(15), 2390; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152390 - 02 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1862
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source of water for drinking, household use, and irrigation in Kabul; however, the water table is dropping due to the excessive extraction over the past two decades. The groundwater restoration criteria selection mainly depends on the techniques used to [...] Read more.
Groundwater is the main source of water for drinking, household use, and irrigation in Kabul; however, the water table is dropping due to the excessive extraction over the past two decades. The groundwater restoration criteria selection mainly depends on the techniques used to recharge the aquifer. The design of infiltration basins, for example, requires different technical criteria than the installation of infiltration wells. The different set of parameters is relevant to water being infiltrated at the surface in comparison with water being injected into the aquifers. Restoration of the groundwater resources are complicated and expensive tasks. An inexpensive preliminary investigation of the potential recharge areas, especially in developing countries such as Afghanistan with its complex Upper Indus River Basin, can be reasonably explored. The present research aims to identify the potential recharge sites through employing GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and combining remote sensing information with in situ and geospatial data obtained from related organizations in Afghanistan. These data sets were employed to document nine thematic layers which include slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to fault, distance to river channel, lithology, and ground water table, land cover, and soil texture. All of the thematic layers were allocated and ranked, based on previous studies, and field surveys and extensive questionnaire surveys carried out with Afghan experts. Based on the collected and processed data output, the groundwater recharge values were determined. These recharge values were grouped into four classes assessing the suitability for recharge as very high (100%), high (63%), moderate (26%), and low (10%). The relative importance of the various geospatial layers was identified and shows that slope (19.2%) is the most important, and faults (3.8%) the least important. The selection of climatic characteristics and geological characteristics as the most important criteria in the artificial recharge of the aquifer are investigated in many regions with good access to data and opportunities for validation and verifications. However, in regions with limited data due to the complexities in collecting data in Afghanistan, proper researching with sufficient data is a challenge. The novelty of this research is the cross-disciplinary approach with incorporation of a compiled set of input data with the set of various criteria (nine criteria based on which layers are formed, including slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to fault, distance to river channel, lithology, ground water table, land cover, and soil texture) and experts’ questionnaires. The AHP methodology expanded with the cross-disciplinary approach by adding the local experts´ questionnaires survey can be very handy in areas with limited access to data, to provide the preliminary investigations, and reduce expenses on the localized expensive and often dangerous field works. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative and Quantitative Status of Groundwater Bodies and Interaction with Surface Water Bodies)
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