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Water
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Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions
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Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 4783

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Serban Danielescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environment and Climate Change Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
Interests: groundwater–surface water interactions (GWSWI); online hydrology tools; contaminant transport; geochemical tracers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interactions between groundwater and surface water occur through various pathways and can affect the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of connected subsurface and surface systems. Groundwater–surface water interactions (GWSWI) are complex and can have significant spatial and temporal variability. The interactions involve the exchange of water volumes, but also of contaminants that are contained or transported with the water via transition zones. These transition zones include areas (or volumes) of surface water bodies (e.g., wetlands, streambeds, lakebeds and seabeds) and adjacent subsurface materials, where the environmental characteristics shift between a surface water dominated system to a groundwater dominated system. These areas can also be subject to intense hydrological and biogeochemical processes, which can be localized (i.e., “hot spots”) or occur during certain periods of time (i.e., “hot moments”). In this Special Issue, contributions that cover a wide range of GWSWI topics, such as management of GWSWI, impacts on transition zones (e.g., climate and land-use change, contamination, irrigation, etc.); significance of GWSWI for biodiversity; flowpaths and biogeochemical processes in the transition zone, etc., with a focus on water quantity and quality are welcome. In addition to being scientifically sound, the contributions must highlight the new insights and/or novelty of the study, as well as their relevance to the topic of this Special Issue. 

Dr. Serban Danielescu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biogeochemistry
  • subsurface hydrology
  • ecosystem hydrology
  • hot spots
  • hot moments

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5284 KiB  
Article
Acquisition of Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater Movement Based on Long-Term Temperature Time Series in the Kangding Area, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
by Bo Zhou, Qiongying Liu, Shunyun Chen and Peixun Liu
Water 2023, 15(11), 2140; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15112140 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1028
Abstract
Heat has been widely used as a groundwater tracer to determine groundwater flow direction and velocity in a way that is ubiquitous, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easy to use. However, temperature observations are generally short-term and small-scale, meaning they may not be able [...] Read more.
Heat has been widely used as a groundwater tracer to determine groundwater flow direction and velocity in a way that is ubiquitous, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easy to use. However, temperature observations are generally short-term and small-scale, meaning they may not be able to reflect long-term changes in the characteristics of groundwater movement. In this study, we utilize 515 days of temperature data, collected from four measurement points in the Kangding area of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, in order to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater flow velocities using different analytical heat tracing methods. An analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of thermal parameter uncertainties on the calculation of flow velocity, and a comparison is undertaken between the results of the phase, amplitude, and combined amplitude-phase methods. We subsequently discuss the relationship between flow velocity changes and precipitation. The results show that the estimated flow velocity is more susceptible to the volumetric heat capacity of the saturated sediment than it is to thermal conductivity. The phase method is more suitable for use in calculations in the study area, indicating that precipitation significantly impacts the flow velocity and that this impact is more pronounced in areas with flat terrain compared to areas with significant variation in elevation. Our research provides a comparative study of the heat tracing methods in areas with varied terrains and offers new evidence for the impact of precipitation and topography on groundwater infiltration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions)
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42 pages, 16074 KiB  
Article
Geoelectric Monitoring of the Electric Potential Field of the Lower Rio Grande before, during, and after Intermittent Streamflow, May–October, 2022
by Scott J. Ikard, Kenneth C. Carroll, Dale F. Rucker, Andrew P. Teeple, Chia-Hsing Tsai, Jason D. Payne, Erek H. Fuchs and Ahsan Jamil
Water 2023, 15(9), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091652 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1648
Abstract
Understanding the intermittent hydraulic connectivity between ephemeral streams and alluvial aquifers is a key challenge for managing water resources in arid environments. The lower Rio Grande flows for short, discontinuous periods during the irrigation season through the Mesilla Basin in southeastern New Mexico [...] Read more.
Understanding the intermittent hydraulic connectivity between ephemeral streams and alluvial aquifers is a key challenge for managing water resources in arid environments. The lower Rio Grande flows for short, discontinuous periods during the irrigation season through the Mesilla Basin in southeastern New Mexico and southwestern Texas. Hydraulic connections between the Rio Grande and the Rio Grande alluvial aquifer in the Mesilla Basin vary spatially and temporally and are not well understood. Self-potential (SP) monitoring and time-lapse electric resistivity tomography (ERT) were therefore performed along linear cross-sections spanning the riverbed and flood plain for more than 4 months to monitor the transient hydraulic connection between the river and the alluvial aquifer by measuring time-lapse changes in the electric potential field in the riverbed and flood plain. The monitoring period began on 21 May 2022, when the riverbed was completely dry, continued through the irrigation season while streamflow was provided by reservoir releases from upstream dams, and ended on 4 October 2022, when the riverbed was again dry. SP monitoring data show (1) a background condition in the dry riverbed consisting of (a) a positive electric potential anomaly with a maximum amplitude of about +100 mV attributed predominantly to a subsurface vertical salt concentration gradient and (b) diurnal electric potential fluctuations with amplitudes of 40,000–90,000 mV attributed to near-surface heat conduction driven by weather variability, in addition to (2) a streaming potential anomaly during the irrigation season with a maximum amplitude of about −3500 mV whose transient behavior clearly exhibited a change from the background anomaly to depict exclusively losing streamflow conditions that persisted through the irrigation season. Time-lapse ERT monitoring results depict rapid infiltration of streamflow into the subsurface and imply the river and Rio Grande alluvial aquifer established a full hydraulic connection within a few hours after streamflow arrival at the monitoring site. SP monitoring data show an apparent transition from hydraulic connection to disconnection at the end of the irrigation season and indicate that the transitional phase between connection and disconnection may last substantially longer than the transition from disconnection to connection. The combination of SP and ERT monitoring demonstrated herein shows the potential for broader applications of time-lapse monitoring of hydraulic intermittency and near-surface heat fluxes in different rivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions)
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18 pages, 10807 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Large-Scale Groundwater-Driven Cooling Zones in Rivers Using Thermal Infrared Imagery and Radon Measurements
by Milad Fakhari, Jasmin Raymond, Richard Martel, Jean-Philippe Drolet, Stephen J. Dugdale and Normand Bergeron
Water 2023, 15(5), 873; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050873 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
The role of groundwater (GW) discharge on surface water (SW) quantity, quality and temperature is known to be important. Moreover, the effect of GW contributions to river thermal budgets is critical in natural rivers considering that water temperature plays a vital role in [...] Read more.
The role of groundwater (GW) discharge on surface water (SW) quantity, quality and temperature is known to be important. Moreover, the effect of GW contributions to river thermal budgets is critical in natural rivers considering that water temperature plays a vital role in fish survival during extreme heat events. The identification of zones with GW input in rivers can, thus, help river management plans. However, detecting these zones at the watershed scale can be a challenge. This work combines thermal infrared (TIR) imagery of rivers and water sampling for radon measurements for better documentation of GW in rivers. The Sainte-Marguerite and Berard Rivers, both located in Quebec, Canada, are known for their abundance of salmonids. Their water temperature profiles were plotted using TIR imagery, and five cooling zones in the Berard River and two for the Sainte-Marguerite River were identified in which notable GW–SW exchange was the suspected cause. Radon concentrations measured within the cooling zones showed clear GW contribution to SW. TIR imagery is an effective and fast way to identify GW seepage at the watershed scale. Radon can be used as a complementary natural tracer of GW in rivers at finer scales. The combination of both methods was shown to be reliable for the identification of GW in rivers. This can help for a better anticipation of GW effects in management plans to deal with extreme heat waves that are predicted to occur more frequently under future climate change scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions)
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