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Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and...
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Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 5233

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Palet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grup de Tècniques de Separació en Química, Unitat Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: separation science; analytical chemistry; membrane technologies; environmental science; green chemistry; materials science; nanosystems; water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Julio Bastos-Arrieta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
2. Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: nanomaterials; surface chemistry; (nano)electroanalysis; analytical chemistry; environmental analysis; 3D-printing; screen printed sensors; nanoparticles; active colloids; hydrogels; biomaterials; micromotors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemical contamination of surface waters continuously increases as human lifestyle improves and as hydric resources decrease because of global warming and climate change. In this context, the reuse of reclaimed water from wastewater treatment plants becomes a key process in water management. The reuse of reclaimed wastewaters for agricultural irrigation is a potential source of chemical contamination of food products, which also suffer from the abuse of pesticides and other chemicals in agriculture and from the excess of drugs given to farm animals. Hence, it is not surprising to find a wide spectrum of chemical contaminants in natural waters, wastewaters, and food samples

The successful completion of the first volume of the Special Issue “Sustainable Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions” included a wide range of research articles and a review, focusing on the current trends in approaches to deal with the entitled environmental Issue.

This new Special Issue “Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and other Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions” aims to increase the compilation of high-quality research works, this time emphasizing in innovative strategies beyond heavy metals, and including a wider range of contaminants: pharmaceutical residues and other types of anthropogenic activity indicators. Novel methodologies are expected to be included in this second volume, based on nanomaterials, biomass, and others, which are necessary for the screening, monitoring and removal of these substances in natural waters, wastewaters, and food products with the lowest possible cost.

Dr. Cristina Palet
Dr. Julio Bastos-Arrieta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water treatment
  • pollutants
  • heavy metals
  • emerging contaminants
  • nanomaterials
  • biomass
  • sorption/desorption
  • remediation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1604 KiB  
Article
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using a UV/H2O2 Irradiation System
by Mohammad Ashraf Ali, Ibrahim M. Maafa and Isam Y. Qudsieh
Water 2024, 16(3), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030453 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1384
Abstract
This study presents an efficient way to degrade methylene blue (MB) present in water via photodegradation using H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of UV irradiation and without the use of a catalyst. The reaction variables, employed to evaluate [...] Read more.
This study presents an efficient way to degrade methylene blue (MB) present in water via photodegradation using H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of UV irradiation and without the use of a catalyst. The reaction variables, employed to evaluate the performance of the photodegradation process using the UV/H2O2 system, were the amount of H2O2 in the reacting solution and the initial concentration of methylene blue. The degradation of methylene blue in the presence of H2O2 was not observed during agitation in darkness. The degradation time decreased as the H2O2 concentration increased after the ideal concentration was reached. At this stage, as it began to scavenge the generated hydroxyl radicals, the rate of degradation became inversely proportional to the concentration of H2O2. An increase in the quantities of MB and H2O2 improved the degradation efficiency because the oxidation process was aided by using the appropriate amount of H2O2 and an ideal length of UV light exposure. The experimental data obtained were well-fitted to zero-order reaction kinetics based on the high values of the correlation coefficient. It is believed that the OH radicals (OH●) generated during the breakdown of H2O2 and the generated O2●− species attack the MB molecules and produce MB radicals (MB●). These MB radicals further experience oxidation and convert to intermediates and finally to CO2 and H2O. The UV/H2O2 system proved to be quite efficient for the photodegradation of methylene blue without the use of any solid catalyst. This UV/H2O2 system can be employed in the degradation of other organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions)
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18 pages, 2899 KiB  
Article
Selective and Binary Adsorption of Anions onto Biochar and Modified Cellulose from Corn Stalks
by Candelaria Tejada-Tovar, Ángel Villabona-Ortíz, Ángel Darío González-Delgado, Adriana Herrera-Barros and Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
Water 2023, 15(7), 1420; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071420 - 05 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Water treatment alternatives such as adsorption using agricultural residues are currently being studied to eliminate pollutants that cause eutrophication in water bodies, avoiding the alteration of aquatic ecosystems. In this work, two bio-adsorbents were prepared using cellulose extracted from corn stems, Zea mays [...] Read more.
Water treatment alternatives such as adsorption using agricultural residues are currently being studied to eliminate pollutants that cause eutrophication in water bodies, avoiding the alteration of aquatic ecosystems. In this work, two bio-adsorbents were prepared using cellulose extracted from corn stems, Zea mays, which were labeled as MC (quaternized cellulose modified with Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and B 1:1 (biochar obtained by the impregnation of the biomass with an H2SO4 solution, 50% v/v, using a ratio of 1:1% weight of biomass to volume, followed by carbonization at 520 °C for 30 min with a heating rate of 10 °C/min). FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM-EDS were used to study the properties of the bio-adsorbents. The effect of temperature over nitrate and phosphate adsorption in the selective and binary system at 100 mg/L was tested at five temperatures: 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C, using a load of the pollutant of 100 mg/L, volume of 5 mL, and a rate of bio-adsorbent of 2 g/L at 200 rpm. Results showed a phosphate removal of 29.1% using the B 1:1 bio-adsorbent at 30 °C and 23.8% with the MC bio-adsorbent at 35 °C. In the case of nitrate, removal of 40% was determined with the B 1:1 bio-adsorbent at 25 °C, while removal of 38.5% was attained at 30 °C after using the MC bio-adsorbent. The equilibrium was reached at 420 min. Nitrate adsorption with the MC sample showed a good adjustment to the pseudo-second-order model. The pseudo-first-order model described the kinetics of phosphate removal with MC, while this model had a good fit with the B 1:1 sample for nitrate and phosphate. Freundlich’s model also adjusted the adsorption equilibrium for both anions with acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the binary study indicated selectivity for the phosphate, suggesting the potential applications of the carbon-based bio-adsorbents for anionic ions remotion in aqueous media. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions)
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Review

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24 pages, 381 KiB  
Review
Microalgae-Mediated Biosorption for Effective Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater: A Review
by Dumisane Mahlangu, Keletso Mphahlele, Francesco De Paola and Nomcebo Happiness Mthombeni
Water 2024, 16(5), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050718 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1571
Abstract
Environmental contamination by heavy metals poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, necessitating the development of effective remediation strategies. Conventional methods for heavy metal removal exhibit limitations, including inadequate efficiency and elevated costs. In this context, microalgae have emerged as a promising [...] Read more.
Environmental contamination by heavy metals poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, necessitating the development of effective remediation strategies. Conventional methods for heavy metal removal exhibit limitations, including inadequate efficiency and elevated costs. In this context, microalgae have emerged as a promising bioremediation approach due to their robust metal-binding capabilities, specifically through biosorption. This review comprehensively examines the role of microalgae in addressing heavy metal pollution, with a primary focus on their effective removal from wastewater. Microalgae offer wastewater purification potential across diverse sources and capitalize on wastewater as a growth matrix, yielding valuable bioproducts, biomaterials, and bioenergy. Their versatility allows them to thrive in various wastewaters, facilitating effective contaminant removal. This study also investigates the application of microalgae in decentralized water treatment systems (DWTSs), where the decentralized nature of these systems proves advantageous in addressing heavy metal contaminants directly at the point of generation or use. This approach holds particular significance in regions where centralized systems face obstacles due to geographical constraints, inadequate infrastructure, or financial limitations. DWTSs not only provide a decentralized solution for heavy metals removal but also prove advantageous in disaster relief scenarios and rapidly growing urban areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Novel Processes for the Removing of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions)
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