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Waste
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Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes
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Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes

A special issue of Waste (ISSN 2813-0391).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 14592

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sergey M. Frolov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC), Moscow 119991, Russia
Interests: combustion; detonation; multiphase flows; advanced propulsion; waste processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vladimir S. Arutyunov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: chemical kinetics; physical chemistry; kinetic modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Modern society is faced with the problem of clean processing/utilization of gaseous, liquid and solid organic wastes, such as associated petroleum and pyrolysis gas, aqueous effluents of industries, municipal liquid/solid wastes and sewage sludge, and biomass of different types. Thermal processing of these materials is considered the most suitable solution due to its relatively low environmental impact and partial recovery of energy and material resources. Other advanced methods used for processing of organic wastes include supercritical water gasification and biological methods based, e.g., on fermentation. Available technologies of thermal processing are based on combustion/incineration, conversion/pyrolysis, and gasification, as well as on their combinations. Combustion of wastes results in the formation of airborne gaseous pollutants, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, NOx, SOx, HCl, furans, dioxins, as well as organic and inorganic aerosol particulate, fly ash, ashes, etc. Conversion, pyrolysis, and gasification of wastes can potentially reduce the production of the various pollutants due to the absence or reduced amount of oxygen.

The objective of this Special Issue of Waste is to provide a collection of scientific papers focusing on recent progress in conversion, pyrolysis, and gasification of gaseous, liquid, and solid organic wastes.

Prof. Dr. Sergey M. Frolov
Prof. Dr. Vladimir S. Arutyunov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Waste is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic waste
  • conversion
  • pyrolysis
  • gasification

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2686 KiB  
Article
Anaerobic Treatment of Food Waste with Biogas Recirculation under Psychrophilic Temperature
by Tafannum Torsha and Catherine N. Mulligan
Waste 2024, 2(1), 58-71; https://doi.org/10.3390/waste2010003 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
Food waste has emerged as a pressing concern, and thus advanced techniques to valorize food waste into nutrition rich materials as well as renewable energy are highly important. The exceptional biodegradability of food waste renders it a highly suitable substrate for anaerobic treatment. [...] Read more.
Food waste has emerged as a pressing concern, and thus advanced techniques to valorize food waste into nutrition rich materials as well as renewable energy are highly important. The exceptional biodegradability of food waste renders it a highly suitable substrate for anaerobic treatment. This leads to energy production and a reduction in the carbon footprint. Nevertheless, in frigid territories like Canada, the conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion at 30–40 °C can require substantial amounts of energy. Consequently, this study introduces a new approach to treat food waste at psychrophilic temperatures (1–20 °C). Lower temperatures can negatively impact cellular processes during anaerobic treatment, rendering substrates less accessible to microscopic organisms. To address this challenge associated with lower temperatures, the study introduces an innovative biogas recirculation strategy. The primary objectives of this study are to assess the viability of anaerobic treatment for food waste at psychrophilic temperatures and to investigate the effectiveness of reintroduction of the produced biogas to the anaerobic system in enhancing biomethane generation and stability of the system. Batch experiments were conducted on food waste in various assessments, both with and without biogas recirculation. The outcomes revealed a methane concentration ranging from 68% to 93% when biogas recirculation was employed, whereas without this technique, methane concentration varied between 10% and 45%. Moreover, with biogas recirculation, the reduction in volatile solids reached a maximum of 92%, and there was an 82% decrease in chemical oxygen demand. In conclusion, the utilization of the recirculation of biogas at the psychrophilic temperature range enhanced biomethane production and reduction of volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand. This study underscores the potential of employing anaerobic treatment with reintroduction of produced biogas into the system in cold regions as an economically viable and sustainable choice for treating food waste with nominal energy consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes)
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29 pages, 5563 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Waste Synthesis Gas to Desalination Catalyst at Ambient Temperatures
by David D. J. Antia
Waste 2023, 1(2), 426-454; https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020026 - 01 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2636
Abstract
In this study, a continuous flow of a synthetic, dry, and acidic waste synthesis gas (WSG) (containing N2, H2, CO, CH4, and CO2) at ambient temperatures was first passed through a fixed bed reactor (FBR) [...] Read more.
In this study, a continuous flow of a synthetic, dry, and acidic waste synthesis gas (WSG) (containing N2, H2, CO, CH4, and CO2) at ambient temperatures was first passed through a fixed bed reactor (FBR) containing halite + m-Fe0 and then a saline bubble column diffusion reactor (BCDR) containing m-Fe0. The FBR converted 47.5% of the CO + CH4 + CO2 into n-C0. Passage of the n-C0 into the BCDR resulted in the formation of the desalination catalyst (Fe0:Fe(a,b,c)@C0) + CH4 + CO + CO2 + CxHy, where 64% of the feed n-C0 was converted to gaseous products. The desalination pellets can remove >60% of the water salinity without producing a reject brine or requiring an external energy source. The gaseous products from the BCDR included: CxHy (where x < 6), CO, CO2, and H2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes)
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19 pages, 4370 KiB  
Article
Computational Modelling on Gasification Processes of Municipal Solid Wastes Including Molten Slag
by Genevieve Soon, Hui Zhang, Adrian Wing-Keung Law and Chun Yang
Waste 2023, 1(2), 370-388; https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020023 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1522
Abstract
The formulation of the CFD-DEM model, CD-MELT, is established in this study to include three-phase non-isothermal processes with simultaneous combustion and melting for gasification simulations. To demonstrate the model capability, CD-MELT is used to assess the need for slag recycling for the non-isothermal [...] Read more.
The formulation of the CFD-DEM model, CD-MELT, is established in this study to include three-phase non-isothermal processes with simultaneous combustion and melting for gasification simulations. To demonstrate the model capability, CD-MELT is used to assess the need for slag recycling for the non-isothermal melting of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in a prototype waste-to-energy research facility. The simulation encompasses the full fixed-bed slagging gasification process, including chemical reactions and melting of MSW and slag. In order to assess the need for slag recycling, comparisons are made for the two cases of with and without, in terms of the slag mass, liquid slag volume fraction, exit gas composition, and temperature distribution in the gasifier. The prediction results enable the tracking of liquid molten slag as it permeates through the solids-packed bed for the first time in the literature as far as we are aware, which is crucial to address design considerations such as distribution of bed temperature and optimal location for slag-tap holes at the bottom, as well as potential slag clogging within the porous media. The model also predicts an uneven and intermittent slag permeation through the packed bed without the recycling, and provides a plausible explanation for the operators’ experience of why slag recycling is important for process stability. Finally, the predicted slag outlet temperature using the proposed CFD approach also agrees well with the measurement data published in an earlier case study for the same facility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes)
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Review

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21 pages, 1278 KiB  
Review
A Concise Review of Catalytic Synthesis of Methanol from Synthesis Gas
by Guanfu Liu, Helena Hagelin-Weaver and Bruce Welt
Waste 2023, 1(1), 228-248; https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1010015 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 9020
Abstract
Regenerative Robust Gasification promises to convert unsorted organic waste, including all plastic waste, into the fungible, primary feedstock chemical methanol. As the backbone of the C1 chemical industry, methanol has broad application in circular economy chemical synthesis. This paper summarizes traditional and newer [...] Read more.
Regenerative Robust Gasification promises to convert unsorted organic waste, including all plastic waste, into the fungible, primary feedstock chemical methanol. As the backbone of the C1 chemical industry, methanol has broad application in circular economy chemical synthesis. This paper summarizes traditional and newer approaches for producing methanol from synthesis gas. Approaches, methods, reaction mechanisms, catalyst systems, catalyst synthesis methods, reactor types, and many other aspects are summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conversion and Gasification of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Organic Wastes)
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