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Viruses
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Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections
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Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 6572

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daniel Candotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris-Est University, INSERM U955 - IMRB - Team 18, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
Interests: virology; hepatitis viruses; viral persistence epidemiology; genetic variability; transfusion; blood screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: hepatitis B virus; blood virome; emerging infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern medicine, both transfusion and transplantation have had a significant impact on human health. However, the clinical condition of recipients raises particular concern for post-measurement complications. In both interventions, the potential transmission of blood-borne pathogens requires the implementation of strict strategies of blood safety.

Despite decades of improvement in the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases, blood safety remains challenged by continuous changes in nature and the epidemiology of bloodborne viral infections related to the increasing global circulation of human and animal populations, human activities with increased risk of zoonotic infections, and the geographical expansion of viral vectors. Extended vaccination programs, availability of efficient antiviral treatments, and changes in donor eligibility policies may also modify the viral infectious risk in the blood donor populations.

In the second volume of this Special Issue, we would like to address the ongoing need to monitor residual threats of pathogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HIV, WNV, etc.), potentially pathogenic viruses (CMV, HSV, etc.), and commensal viruses (anellovirus or human pegivirus) in donors and transfused/transplanted recipients. Also, identification of new threats from emerging or re-emerging viruses (HEV, arboviruses, etc.) is pinpointed in this issue. In addition, topics such as maintenance of optimal blood and organs safety requirements, the necessary adaptation of existing screening strategies and the implementation and evaluation of new strategies based on recent technological innovations (i.e., highly sensitive serological or molecular assays, next-generation sequencing, pathogen inactivation), and local resources are very welcome. An update to these crucial topics could be achieved in this Special Issue of Viruses.

Dr. Daniel Candotti
Dr. Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • blood-borne viruses
  • emergence
  • epidemiology
  • prevalence
  • transfusion transmission
  • blood donors
  • blood screening
  • infectious risk
  • pathogen inactivation
  • next-generation sequencing

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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7 pages, 219 KiB  
Editorial
Navigating Evolving Challenges in Blood Safety
by Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
Viruses 2024, 16(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010123 - 15 Jan 2024
Viewed by 761
Abstract
Blood safety remains a paramount public health concern, and health authorities maintain a high level of vigilance to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections)

Research

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9 pages, 661 KiB  
Article
Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Voluntary Blood Donors in the Russian Federation
by Ilya A. Potemkin, Karen K. Kyuregyan, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Olga V. Isaeva, Vera S. Kichatova, Maria A. Lopatukhina, Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan, Anna G. Zlobina, Andrey V. Zheltobriukh, Ksenia A. Bocharova, Vera V. Belyakova, Svetlana V. Rassolova, Nadezhda V. Ivanova, Sergey A. Solonin, Alexey I. Bazhenov, Mikhail A. Godkov and Mikhail I. Mikhailov
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040526 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 437
Abstract
Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an increasing concern in many countries. We investigated the detection rate of HEV viremia in blood donors in Russia. A total of 20,405 regular repetitive voluntary non-renumerated blood donors from two regions (Moscow and Belgorod) were [...] Read more.
Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an increasing concern in many countries. We investigated the detection rate of HEV viremia in blood donors in Russia. A total of 20,405 regular repetitive voluntary non-renumerated blood donors from two regions (Moscow and Belgorod) were screened for HEV RNA using the cobas® HEV test in mini-pools of six plasma samples. Samples from each reactive pool were tested individually. The average HEV RNA prevalence was 0.024% (95% CI: 0.01–0.05%), or 1 case per 4081 donations. No statistically significant differences in HEV RNA prevalence were observed between the two study regions. The PCR threshold cycle (Ct) values ranged from 25.0 to 40.5 in reactive pools, and from 20.9 to 41.4 in reactive plasma samples when tested individually. The HEV viremic donors had different antibody patterns. Two donor samples were reactive for both anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies, one sample was reactive for anti-HEV IgM and negative for anti-HEV IgG, and two samples were seronegative. At follow-up testing 6 months later, on average, four donors available for follow-up had become negative for HEV RNA and positive for anti-HEV IgG. The HEV ORF2 sequence belonging to HEV-3 sub-genotype 3a was obtained from one donor sample. The sequencing failed in the other four samples from viremic donors, presumably due to the low viral load. In conclusion, the HEV RNA detection rate in blood donors in Russia corresponds with data from other European countries, including those that implemented universal donor HEV screening. These data support the implementation of HEV RNA donor screening to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV infection in Russia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections)
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11 pages, 1254 KiB  
Article
Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy
by Alessia Sticchi Damiani, Vera Holzmayer, Claudio Galli, Mariangela De Nuzzo, Mark Anderson, Gavin Cloherty and Nicola Di Renzo
Viruses 2024, 16(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010071 - 31 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Despite good vaccine coverage and careful blood donor selection policies, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still the most frequent viral infection among blood donors (BDs) in Italy, mostly in the occult form (OBI). We studied the virological features of OBI in BDs from [...] Read more.
Despite good vaccine coverage and careful blood donor selection policies, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still the most frequent viral infection among blood donors (BDs) in Italy, mostly in the occult form (OBI). We studied the virological features of OBI in BDs from South Italy by serology, molecular testing for HBV-DNA, and sequencing for HBV genotypes and mutations. One hundred and two samples from 95 BDs (22.1% first time, 87.9% regular, median age 57 years) positive for HBV-DNA and negative for HBsAg were retrospectively analyzed. HBV biomarkers were detected in 96.9% (anti-HBc in 44.2%, anti-HBc plus anti-HBs in 49.5%, anti-HBs alone in 3.2%). No risk factor was declared by 45.3% of donors. HBV-DNA levels were very low (median: 7 IU/mL). All samples harbored HBV genotype D and single or multiple mutations in the S gene were found in 28/36 sequences analyzed and in 75% of donors. Mutations were unrelated to gender, donor group or serological patterns. An HBsAg assay with enhanced sensitivity was positive in samples from seven donors (7.4%), two of which negative for HBV-DNA by real-time PCR. OBI still represents a risk for HBV transmission from blood donations; screening by highly sensitive serological and molecular assays is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections)
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18 pages, 4462 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Human Blood Virome in Iranian Multiple Transfused Patients
by Marijn Thijssen, Gholamreza Khamisipour, Mohammad Maleki, Timothy Devos, Guangdi Li, Marc Van Ranst, Jelle Matthijnssens and Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
Viruses 2023, 15(7), 1425; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071425 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1558
Abstract
Blood transfusion safety is an essential element of public health. Current blood screening strategies rely on targeted techniques that could miss unknown or unexpected pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of a viral community (virobiota/virome) in the blood of healthy individuals. Here, [...] Read more.
Blood transfusion safety is an essential element of public health. Current blood screening strategies rely on targeted techniques that could miss unknown or unexpected pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of a viral community (virobiota/virome) in the blood of healthy individuals. Here, we characterized the blood virome in patients frequently exposed to blood transfusion by using Illumina metagenomic sequencing. The virome of these patients was compared to viruses present in healthy blood donors. A total number of 155 beta-thalassemia, 149 hemodialysis, and 100 healthy blood donors were pooled with five samples per pool. Members of the Anelloviridae and Flaviviridae family were most frequently observed. Interestingly, samples of healthy blood donors harbored traces of potentially pathogenic viruses, including adeno-, rota-, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Viruses of the Anelloviridae family were most abundant in the blood of hemodialysis patients and displayed a higher anellovirus richness. Pegiviruses (Flaviviridae) were only observed in patient populations. An overall trend of higher eukaryotic read abundance in both patient groups was observed. This might be associated with increased exposure through blood transfusion. Overall, the findings in this study demonstrated the presence of various viruses in the blood of Iranian multiple-transfused patients and healthy blood donors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections)
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Review

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21 pages, 395 KiB  
Review
Current Perspectives on the Management of Herpesvirus Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
by S. Reshwan K. Malahe, Jeroen J. A. van Kampen, Olivier C. Manintveld, Rogier A. S. Hoek, Caroline M. den Hoed, Carla C. Baan, Marcia M. L. Kho and Georges M. G. M. Verjans
Viruses 2023, 15(7), 1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071595 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at high risk of human herpesvirus (HHV)-related morbidity and mortality due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy. We aim to increase awareness and understanding of HHV disease burden in SOTRs by providing an overview of current prevention [...] Read more.
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at high risk of human herpesvirus (HHV)-related morbidity and mortality due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy. We aim to increase awareness and understanding of HHV disease burden in SOTRs by providing an overview of current prevention and management strategies as described in the literature and guidelines. We discuss challenges in both prevention and treatment as well as future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion & Transplantation Transmitted Viral Infections)
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