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Veterinary Sciences
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Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals
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Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 12835

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stephanie A. Thomovsky

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Interests: paroxysmal dyskinesias; micturition; seizures and seizure management; neuro-rehabilitation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The subjects of veterinary neurology and neurosurgery have significantly grown over the past fifteen years. The availability and widespread use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and neurosurgical instrumentation has broadened the ability for veterinarians to diagnose complex neurologic conditions, and has improved treatment options for a variety of neurologic diseases. Pet owners are also more capable of seeking primary veterinary assistance for their neurologic pets and can seek referral to veterinary neurologists for advanced diagnostics and surgery. 

In this Special Issue of Veterinary Sciences, it is our goal to present literature on many aspects of the subject of veterinary neurology and neurosurgery, including research and review articles that diversify the reader’s knowledge of both neuromedical and neurosurgical conditions in our animal species. We invite both clinicians and researchers to submit manuscripts and reviews for this Special Issue of Veterinary Sciences.

Dr. Stephanie A. Thomovsky
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary neurology
  • veterinary neurosurgery
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • computed tomography (CT)
  • electrodiagnostics
  • neurosurgery
  • neuromuscular disease

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 838 KiB  
Article
Early Neurophysiological Abnormalities in Suspected Acute Canine Polyradiculoneuropathy
by Laura Porcarelli, Alberto Cauduro, Ezio Bianchi, Claudia Pauciulo, Chiara Maurelli and Daniele Corlazzoli
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(4), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040178 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 437
Abstract
Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (ACP) is a common peripheral neuropathy in dogs, and is generally self-limiting and benign. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests are typically performed after 7–10 days. Delaying the definitive diagnosis may hamper the treatment of other causes of acute weakness, which may require [...] Read more.
Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (ACP) is a common peripheral neuropathy in dogs, and is generally self-limiting and benign. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests are typically performed after 7–10 days. Delaying the definitive diagnosis may hamper the treatment of other causes of acute weakness, which may require specific treatments and may carry different prognoses. This retrospective multicenter study aims to assess whether EDX performed within the first 6 days of clinical signs onset can detect alterations indicative of ACP, and aims to characterize the most prevalent alterations. A total of 71 dogs with suspected ACP were retrospectively analyzed and classified into two groups based on EDX timing: early group (EG, 1–6 days after symptom onset) and late group (LG, 7–15 days after symptom onset). In our study, no significant differences were found between the two groups in motor nerve conduction studies (MNCSs) and F-wave analysis, indicating that EDX is able to demonstrate abnormalities even in the first 6 days from onset. Although the LG showed significantly greater degrees of electromyographic (EMG) alterations compared to the EG, frequent muscle alterations were still observed in the EG group. These findings support the use of EDX in patients with suspected ACP within the first 6 days from the clinical onset. Prompt neurophysiological examinations for suspected ACP patients can be performed effectively and can help allow for early diagnosis and facilitate appropriate treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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15 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
Surgical Outcomes of Laminectomy, Durotomy and a Non-Synthetic Dura Substitute Application in Ten Dogs with a Spinal Subarachnoid Diverticulum
by Michał Mól, Ricardo Fernandes, Simon Wheeler and Massimo Mariscoli
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(3), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11030128 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1975
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to report the surgical treatment and outcomes of laminectomies followed by durotomy and the application of a non-synthetic collagen matrix dura substitute (DurepairTM) in ten dogs with a spinal subarachnoid diverticulum (SAD). The medical records of these [...] Read more.
This retrospective study aimed to report the surgical treatment and outcomes of laminectomies followed by durotomy and the application of a non-synthetic collagen matrix dura substitute (DurepairTM) in ten dogs with a spinal subarachnoid diverticulum (SAD). The medical records of these ten client-owned dogs with SAD diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed. All patients had chronic and progressive deficits. At presentation, common neurological signs were proprioceptive ataxia, ambulatory spastic paraparesis or tetraparesis, and faecal incontinence. Dorsal thoracolumbar laminectomy was performed in eight dogs; one dog underwent cervical dorsolateral laminectomy, and one patient had thoracic hemilaminectomy. Laminectomies were followed by durotomy, allowing the dissection of the pia-arachnoid adhesions. A rectangular patch of a non-synthetic dura substitute was applied as an onlay graft over the durotomy site before routine closure. Proprioceptive ataxia, paraparesis, and tetraparesis improved in all patients. Faecal incontinence in one patient resolved postoperatively. Laminectomy, durotomy, and the application of a non-synthetic dura substitute was a safe procedure facilitating postoperative improvement over a long-term follow-up period (from 9 to 40 months). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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11 pages, 1014 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Manual Cytocentrifuge versus the Standard Automated Cytocentrifuge in the Analysis of Canine Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Case Series of 55 Dogs
by Luísa Fonte-Oliveira, André Pereira, Hugo Gregório, João Ribeiro, Carla Correia-Gomes, Ricardo Marcos and Marta Santos
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(11), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10110631 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2115
Abstract
Cytospins are important for evaluating fluids with very low cellularity such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to compare the CSF cytospin preparations obtained from automated and manual cytocentrifugation methods. A prospective case series was performed to analyze canine [...] Read more.
Cytospins are important for evaluating fluids with very low cellularity such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to compare the CSF cytospin preparations obtained from automated and manual cytocentrifugation methods. A prospective case series was performed to analyze canine CSF samples using both centrifugation methods. The cytospins were processed within 30–60 min and prepared simultaneously in a conventional automated cytocentrifuge and in an in-house manual cytocentrifuge, using a fixed volume of CSF fluid. The cellularity, differential cell count and the proportion of cell artifacts (pseudopods and vacuolization) were blindly assessed in the cytospin preparations obtained using the two methods. The agreement and correlation between both methods were analyzed. There were 55 dogs enrolled (48 prospectively and 7 retrospectively) in the study. 38 dogs had normal total nucleated cell counts, while 17 had pleocytosis. Automated and manual cytocentrifugation had similar cell yields, and no significant differences in differential cell counts or the presence of artifacts existed between both methods. In cases with pleocytosis, the cytologic diagnosis obtained using each method was similar. Manual cytocentrifugation of CSF is a reliable and economic method designed for routine clinical practice. Its use reduces the specimen deterioration related to processing and analysis delays when samples are transported to external laboratories for evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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13 pages, 1400 KiB  
Article
Outcomes in Dogs with Multiple Sites of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Disease Treated with Single Ventral Slot Decompression
by Ya-Pei Chang, Wei-Hsiang Huang, Wan-Zhen Lua, Wenyi Wong, I-Hsuan Liu and Chen-Hsuan Liu
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(6), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10060377 - 28 May 2023
Viewed by 2388
Abstract
In dogs with acute myelopathy but showing multiple sites of spinal compression from intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) on imaging, one approach is surgical decompression of the single acute disc extrusion while ignoring other previously extruded or protruded discs. However, little is known regarding [...] Read more.
In dogs with acute myelopathy but showing multiple sites of spinal compression from intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) on imaging, one approach is surgical decompression of the single acute disc extrusion while ignoring other previously extruded or protruded discs. However, little is known regarding the outcomes of this approach. This study described the outcomes and investigated prognostic factors in 40 dogs with multiple sites of cervical disc extrusion or protrusion on MRI who underwent ventral slot decompression for the single acute disc. The overall recovery rate was 97.5%. The median recovery time was seven days. The number of affected discs (including disc extrusion and protrusion) and the presence and number of the affected discs causing severe spinal compression did not influence the 30-day outcome. Compared with 23 dogs with single disc extrusion treated surgically, the recovery time and outcomes were similar between the two groups. The total number of affected discs was not associated with recovery time or outcomes. In conclusion, if an acute disc could be identified, ventral slot decompression targeting the single acute disc is a viable management approach for dogs with an acute presentation but diagnosed with multiple sites of spinal cord compression from IVDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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6 pages, 975 KiB  
Case Report
Very-Low-Frequency Spike–Wave Complex Partial Motor Seizure Mimicking Canine Idiopathic Head Tremor Syndrome in a Dog
by Mihai Musteata, Raluca Ștefănescu, Denis Gabriel Borcea and Gheorghe Solcan
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(7), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070472 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2444
Abstract
Canine idiopathic head tremor syndrome (CIHTS) represents a benign condition characterized by episodic, uncontrolled movement of the head. Even though the condition might be an expression of a partial motor epilepsy, to date, there is a limited number of studies describing the electroencephalographic [...] Read more.
Canine idiopathic head tremor syndrome (CIHTS) represents a benign condition characterized by episodic, uncontrolled movement of the head. Even though the condition might be an expression of a partial motor epilepsy, to date, there is a limited number of studies describing the electroencephalographic features. In this report, we describe the case of a dog diagnosed with partial motor epilepsy resembling CIHTS symptomatology, a new slow spike–wave complex pattern similar to that of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in humans identified on electroencephalographic examination. We also studied the efficacy of phenobarbitone therapy over a period of two years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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11 pages, 7477 KiB  
Case Report
Use of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Angiograms Combined with a 3D Surgical Guide in an Elderly Cat with an Occipital Lobe Meningioma
by Pillmoo Byun, Yoonho Roh, Haebeom Lee and Jaemin Jeong
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(4), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040264 - 29 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1857
Abstract
We present a case of occipital lobe meningioma resection in an elderly cat. The surgery was performed with the goal of avoiding major bleeding. An 11-year-old castrated indoor-only male Persian Chinchilla (5.5 kg) was presented with a month-long history of progressive tetraparesis for [...] Read more.
We present a case of occipital lobe meningioma resection in an elderly cat. The surgery was performed with the goal of avoiding major bleeding. An 11-year-old castrated indoor-only male Persian Chinchilla (5.5 kg) was presented with a month-long history of progressive tetraparesis for a left occipital lobe meningioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T2-weighted heterogeneously hyperintensity and a T1-weighted well-contrast enhancing extradural mass in the left occipital lobe of the brain. Cerebral angiographic data were obtained using magnetic resonance (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Advanced angiograms and virtual reconstruction of images revealed that the tumor was surrounded by the caudal parasagittal meningeal vein. A left caudal rostrotentorial craniotomy and en bloc resection of the tumor were performed, and histopathology revealed a meningioma. Complete neurological recovery was achieved within 10 days after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing CTA and MRA findings and favorable clinical outcomes after surgical management of a brain meningioma without severe perioperative complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurology and Neurosurgery in Small Animals)
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