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Vaccines
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccines
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Papillomavirus Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 11022

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Masaru Sakamoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Gynecology, Sasaki Foundation Kyoundo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: HPV pathogenesis; HPV preventive vaccine; L1-VLP vaccine; HPV therapeutic vaccine; PDT effect against HPV infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Around the world, the number of cervical cancer cases per year is estimated as 570,000 women, with 310,000 women dying of cervical cancer in 2018. In Japan, the number of cervical cancer cases in young women aged 20–39 is increasing, as is the mortality rate, with a tendency which is totally different from that in the rest of world.

In 2017, about 2800 women across Japan died of cervical cancer, more than 1200 of whom were under the age of 65, the so-called active generation. This is an extremely alarming trend. In addition, the active recommendation of an HPV vaccine that can effectively prevent cervical cancer has been withheld for a while—in fact, HPV vaccination has been suspended for the public in Japan.

Meanwhile, data on the safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines have been collected from Japan and overseas. Therefore, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology requested prompt resumption of the active recommendation of the HPV vaccine.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to help to prevent uterine cervical cancer. For the prevention of uterine cervical cancer, there are two categories: primary and secondary prevention. As primary prevention of uterine cervical cancer, HPV vaccines are used for the prevention of HPV infection worldwide. This category includes the efficacy and safety of the 9-valent vaccine against cervical cancer, the current status of 4-valent vaccines in Japan and issues with their spread, and the development and clinical application of a broad-spectrum L2-VLP HPV vaccine.

As secondary prevention of uterine cervical cancer, the diagnosis and management of CIN is performed. This category includes the diagnosis of CIN using conventional methods (i.e., cytology, HPV test, and histology), diagnosis using new methods (i.e., immune-cytochemistry and miRNA), and obstetric issues of cervical conization used for the diagnosis and treatment of CIN, the treatment of CIN using PDT with Photofrin and Laserphyrin, the treatment of CIN using 5ALA-PDT, the therapeutic effect of PDT on HPV infection, and the treatment of CIN with a new method, that is, HPV therapeutic vaccines.

We are interested in a broad area of research, focusing primarily on the management of CIN and HPV eradication strategies for the prevention of uterine cervical cancer. In addition, we are calling for manuscripts dealing with vaccine trials (preclinical and clinical) and strategies to develop a more effective HPV vaccine. We aim to present a combination of manuscripts dealing with different vital aspects of HPV, which can be exploited to develop more effective eradication strategies for HPV infection.

Dr. Masaru Sakamoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 4-valent HPV vaccine
  • 9-valent HPV vaccine
  • HPV L1-VLP vaccine
  • HPV L2-VLP vaccine
  • HPV therapeutic vaccine
  • CIN
  • PDT

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Barriers in the School-Based Pan-Gender HPV Vaccination Program in Sweden: Healthcare Providers’ Perspective
by Ida Enskär, Karin Enskär, Tryggve Nevéus, Andrea Hess Engström and Maria Grandahl
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020310 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent, and can even eliminate, HPV-related cancers. Currently, vaccination rates are suboptimal in the national Swedish school-based vaccination program. School nurses play a key role in all aspects of the vaccination process. Therefore, this study aims to [...] Read more.
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent, and can even eliminate, HPV-related cancers. Currently, vaccination rates are suboptimal in the national Swedish school-based vaccination program. School nurses play a key role in all aspects of the vaccination process. Therefore, this study aims to explore school nurses’ perceived HPV vaccination challenges. Methods: Seven focus group interviews were conducted with school nurses (n = 35) working in nine socio-demographically diverse municipalities in mid-Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants described difficulties in encountering and handling the diversity of reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Parents known to be skeptical of vaccines in general were seen as most difficult to reach. Uncertainty was expressed concerning the extent of professional responsibility for vaccine promotion. The informants expressed a lack of guidelines for vaccine promotion and described challenges in supporting the child’s own wishes. Creating a safe space for the individual child was seen as crucial. Other problems described were the challenges of overcoming children’s fear of needles, supporting unvaccinated children, and being confronted with the remaining gender inequities of the pan-gender vaccination program. Conclusions: Our results suggest that school nurses, especially those new to their profession, may benefit from training and guidance22 material on how to address vaccine hesitancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
15 pages, 5623 KiB  
Article
In-Silico Molecular Modeling Studies to Identify Novel Potential Inhibitors of HPV E6 Protein
by Moujane Soumia, Halima Hajji, Mohamed El Mzibri, Filali Zegzouti Younes, Bouachrine Mohammed, Benlyas Mohamed and Moualij Benaissa
Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091452 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
The etiological agent of some anogenital tract cancers is infection with the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Currently, prophylactic vaccines against HPV have been validated, but the presence of drug treatment directed against the infection and its oncogenic effects remain essential. Among the best [...] Read more.
The etiological agent of some anogenital tract cancers is infection with the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Currently, prophylactic vaccines against HPV have been validated, but the presence of drug treatment directed against the infection and its oncogenic effects remain essential. Among the best drug targets, viral oncoprotein E6 has been identified as a key factor in cell immortalization and tumor progression in HPV-positive cells. E6, through interaction with the cellular ubiquitin ligase E6AP, can promote the degradation of p53, a tumor suppressor protein. Therefore, suppression of the creation of the E6-E6AP complex is one of the essential strategies to inhibit the survival and proliferation of infected cells. In the present study, we proposed an in-silico approach for the discovery of small molecules with inhibitory activity on the E6-E6AP interaction. The first three compounds (F0679-0355, F33774-0275, and F3345-0326) were selected on the basis of virtual screening and prediction of the molecules’ ADMET properties and docking with E6 protein, these molecules were selected for further study by investigating their stability in the E6 complex and their inhibitory effect on the E6-E6AP interaction by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The identified molecules thus represent a good starting point for the development of anti-HPV drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
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9 pages, 230 KiB  
Article
Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Vaccine Acceptability in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia
by Atheer I. Darraj, Alshaymaa M. Arishy, Atheer H. Alshamakhi, Njoud A. Osaysi, Shatha M. Jaafari, Shareefa A. Sumayli, Rawiah Y. Mushari and Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi
Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081337 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3019
Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection that affects teens and adults in their early 20 s. Screening and HPV vaccination are important preventive measures to reduce cases of HPV and associated complications. Studies about HPV knowledge and vaccine [...] Read more.
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection that affects teens and adults in their early 20 s. Screening and HPV vaccination are important preventive measures to reduce cases of HPV and associated complications. Studies about HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability are scarce in Saudi Arabia. This study evaluated participants’ knowledge, attitude, and acceptability concerning HPV and the HPV vaccine in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested survey that assessed knowledge and attitude toward HPV and the HPV vaccine among the population of Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Responses were collected from adults between January and March 2022. Data were analyzed using a t-test and chi-square test. Results: We included 569 in the study. Most participants were single (65%), females (83%), with a university-level of education (78%). The recorded knowledge score for all participants was 1.99 (out of 10). About half of the participants denied that HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection. Further, 53% were interested in the HPV vaccine, and 63% of participants acknowledged that the HPV vaccine could prevent warts and cervical cancer. About 30% of the participants opposed the vaccine due to religious reasons. Conclusion: The results of our study highlight the inadequate level of knowledge concerning HPV infection, even among highly educated people. Thus, by promoting the HPV vaccine acceptance and use, awareness can be raised in our community to assure better knowledge and achieve higher protection from this virus and its complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
11 pages, 783 KiB  
Article
Development of a Nomogram Predicting the Risk of Persistence/Recurrence of Cervical Dysplasia
by Giorgio Bogani, Luca Lalli, Francesco Sopracordevole, Andrea Ciavattini, Alessandro Ghelardi, Tommaso Simoncini, Francesco Plotti, Jvan Casarin, Maurizio Serati, Ciro Pinelli, Alice Bergamini, Barbara Gardella, Andrea Dell’Acqua, Ermelinda Monti, Paolo Vercellini, Innocenza Palaia, Giorgia Perniola, Margherita Fischetti, Giusi Santangelo, Alice Fracassi, Giovanni D’Ippolito, Lorenzo Aguzzoli, Vincenzo Dario Mandato, Luca Giannella, Cono Scaffa, Francesca Falcone, Chiara Borghi, Mario Malzoni, Andrea Giannini, Maria Giovanna Salerno, Viola Liberale, Biagio Contino, Cristina Donfrancesco, Michele Desiato, Anna Myriam Perrone, Giulia Dondi, Pierandrea De Iaco, Simone Ferrero, Giuseppe Sarpietro, Maria G. Matarazzo, Antonio Cianci, Stefano Cianci, Sara Bosio, Simona Ruisi, Lavinia Mosca, Raffaele Tinelli, Rosa De Vincenzo, Gian Franco Zannoni, Gabriella Ferrandina, Marco Petrillo, Giampiero Capobianco, Salvatore Dessiole, Annunziata Carlea, Fulvio Zullo, Barbara Muschiato, Stefano Palomba, Stefano Greggi, Arsenio Spinillo, Fabio Ghezzi, Nicola Colacurci, Roberto Angioli, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Ludovico Muzii, Giovanni Scambia, Francesco Raspagliesi and Violante Di Donatoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2022, 10(4), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040579 - 09 Apr 2022
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 2621
Abstract
Background: Cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence has a great impact on women’s health and quality of life. In this study, we investigated whether a prognostic nomogram may improve risk assessment after primary conization. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study based on charts of consecutive [...] Read more.
Background: Cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence has a great impact on women’s health and quality of life. In this study, we investigated whether a prognostic nomogram may improve risk assessment after primary conization. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study based on charts of consecutive patients undergoing conization between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. A nomogram assessing the importance of different variables was built. A cohort of patients treated between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2016 was used to validate the nomogram. Results: A total of 2966 patients undergoing primary conization were analyzed. The median (range) patient age was 40 (18–89) years. At 5-year of follow-up, 6% of patients (175/2966) had developed a persistent/recurrent cervical dysplasia. Median (range) recurrence-free survival was 18 (5–52) months. Diagnosis of CIN3, presence of HR-HPV types, positive endocervical margins, HPV persistence, and the omission of HPV vaccination after conization increased significantly and independently of the risk of developing cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence. A nomogram weighting the impact of all variables was built with a C-Index of 0.809. A dataset of 549 patients was used to validate the nomogram, with a C-index of 0.809. Conclusions: The present nomogram represents a useful tool for counseling women about their risk of persistence/recurrence after primary conization. HPV vaccination after conization is associated with a reduced risk of CIN2+. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
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