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Vaccines
Special Issues
Advancing Vaccine Research: Contributions from Molecular, Cellular, and Omics Approaches
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Advancing Vaccine Research: Contributions from Molecular, Cellular, and Omics Approaches

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular/Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2022) | Viewed by 7718

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jorge H. Leitão

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: molecular microbiology; biology and biochemistry of Gram-negative bacteria; bacterial small non-coding regulatory RNAs; mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials; development of new antimicrobials; vaccine research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Manuel José Rodríguez-Ortega

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba Edificio Severo Ochoa Planta Baja, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: proteomics; mass spectrometry; bacterial surface proteins; bioactive peptides; bioactive molecules; metabolites; functional foods; fermented milk; kefir
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ongoing pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 serves as a stark reminder that infectious diseases remain a major societal challenge, enhanced by global threats such as the emergence of multiresistant pathogens, climate change, and the associated easy and fast spread of old and new pathogens at a global scale. Vaccines have long been proven a highly efficient means to confer protection to various infectious diseases, and a rush for protective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing. The fast-developing field of omics sciences is delivering a deluge of nucleotide and protein sequence data from pathogens that, together with powerful bioinformatics tools and databases, are prompting astonishing advances in vaccine development. Advances in cell biology are unravelling nonconventional structures such as membrane vesicles as potential sources and vehicles of antigen presentation and delivery.

This Special Issue aims to gather papers that use omics approaches such as genomics and proteomics, alternative biological structures such as extracellular vesicles, or innovative experimental methodologies to identify antigens for subunit vaccine investigation and development, as well as papers on bioinformatics tools, databases, and high-throughput techniques and instrumentation, in order to help in vaccine research and development. Papers in all formats accepted in the journal are welcome.

Prof. Jorge H. Leitão
Prof. Dr. Manuel J. Rodríguez Ortega
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • omics
  • genomics
  • proteomics
  • antigen identification
  • bioinformatics tools
  • subunit vaccine
  • extracellular vesicles
  • high-throughput techniques

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
Humoral Responses and Chronic GVHD Exacerbation after COVID-19 Vaccination Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
by Caroline Pabst, Louise Benning, Nora Liebers, Maike Janssen, Leandra Caille, Claudius Speer, Lixiazi He, Maria-Luisa Schubert, Laura Simons, Ute Hegenbart, Stefan Schönland, Aleksandar Radujkovic, Michael Schmitt, Paul Schnitzler, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Sascha Dietrich, Peter Dreger and Thomas Luft
Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020330 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens patients with a compromised immune and endothelial system, including patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Thus, there is an unmet need for optimizing vaccination management in this high-risk cohort. Here, we monitored antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens patients with a compromised immune and endothelial system, including patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Thus, there is an unmet need for optimizing vaccination management in this high-risk cohort. Here, we monitored antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S1) in 167 vaccinated alloSCT patients. Humoral immune responses were detectable in 81% of patients after two vaccinations with either mRNA-, vector-based, or heterologous regimens. Age, B-cell counts, time interval from vaccination, and the type of vaccine determined antibody titres in patients without systemic immunosuppression (sIS). Similar to a healthy control cohort, mRNA vaccine-based regimens induced higher titres than vector-based vaccines. Patients on two or more immunosuppressants rarely developed immunity. In contrast, 62% and 45% of patients without or on only one immunosuppressant, respectively, showed a strong humoral vaccination response (titre > 100). Exacerbation of cGVHD upon vaccination was observed in 6% of all patients and in 22% of patients receiving immunosuppression for cGVHD. cGVHD exacerbation and low antibody titres were both associated with higher angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) serum levels. In conclusion, mRNA-based vaccines elicit strong humoral responses in alloSCT patients in the absence of double sIS. Biomarkers such as ANG2 might help with weighing cGVHD risk versus beneficial responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Vaccine Research: Contributions from Molecular, Cellular, and Omics Approaches)
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10 pages, 1260 KiB  
Article
Complete Genome Sequence, Genome Stability and Phylogeny of the Vaccine Strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia
by Stefan Panaiotov, Yordan Hodzhev, Vladimir Tolchkov, Borislava Tsafarova, Alexander Mihailov and Tzvetelina Stefanova
Vaccines 2021, 9(3), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030237 - 09 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2611
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only live attenuated vaccine available against tuberculosis. The first BCG vaccination was done exactly 100 years ago, in 1921. The BCG vaccine strains used worldwide represent a family of daughter sub-strains with distinct genotypic characteristics. BCG [...] Read more.
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only live attenuated vaccine available against tuberculosis. The first BCG vaccination was done exactly 100 years ago, in 1921. The BCG vaccine strains used worldwide represent a family of daughter sub-strains with distinct genotypic characteristics. BCG SL222 Sofia is a seed lot sub-strain descending from the Russian BCG-I (seed lot 374a) strain and has been used for vaccine production in Bulgaria since 1972. Here, we report the assembled circular genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia and phylogeny analysis with the most closely related BCG sub-strains. The full circular genome of BCG SL222 Sofia had a length of 4,370,706 bp with an average GC content of 65.60%. After 49 years of in vitro evolution in a freeze-dried condition, we identified four SNP mutations as compared to the reference BCG-I (Russia-368) sequence. BCG vaccination is of central importance for the TB elimination programs in many countries. Since 1991, almost 40 million vaccine doses of the BCG SL222 Sofia have been distributed annually through the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to approximately 120 countries. The availability of the complete reference genome sequence for M. bovis BCG SL222 Sofia, a WHO reference reagent for the Russian BCG-I sub-strain, will facilitate the identity assurance of the genomic stability, will contribute to more consistent manufacturing, and has an important value in standardization and differentiation of sub-strains used in vaccine production. We propose to rename the sub-strain BCG SL222 Sofia to BCG-Sofia for practical and common use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Vaccine Research: Contributions from Molecular, Cellular, and Omics Approaches)
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Review

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14 pages, 2629 KiB  
Review
Moving beyond Titers
by Benjamin D. Brooks, Alexander Beland, Gabriel Aguero, Nicholas Taylor and Francina D. Towne
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050683 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
Vaccination to prevent and even eliminate disease is amongst the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Opportunities remain in vaccine development to improve protection across the whole population. A next step in vaccine development is the detailed molecular characterization of individual humoral immune responses [...] Read more.
Vaccination to prevent and even eliminate disease is amongst the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Opportunities remain in vaccine development to improve protection across the whole population. A next step in vaccine development is the detailed molecular characterization of individual humoral immune responses against a pathogen, especially the rapidly evolving pathogens. New technologies such as sequencing the immune repertoire in response to disease, immunogenomics/vaccinomics, particularly the individual HLA variants, and high-throughput epitope characterization offer new insights into disease protection. Here, we highlight the emerging technologies that could be used to identify variation within the human population, facilitate vaccine discovery, improve vaccine safety and efficacy, and identify mechanisms of generating immunological memory. In today’s vaccine-hesitant climate, these techniques used individually or especially together have the potential to improve vaccine effectiveness and safety and thus vaccine uptake rates. We highlight the importance of using these techniques in combination to understand the humoral immune response as a whole after vaccination to move beyond neutralizing titers as the standard for immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy, especially in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Vaccine Research: Contributions from Molecular, Cellular, and Omics Approaches)
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