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Vaccines
Special Issues
Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies
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Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "DNA and mRNA Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 35427

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alan Cross

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Interests: gram-negative bacteria; vaccines; CD28/B-7 immunosynapse; glycobiology; immune response; biodefense
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shumaila Hanif

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine (KYCOM) and Kentucky College of Optometry (KYCO), University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY, USA
Interests: tuberculosis; new diagnostic methods for TB; new drugs for TB; new vaccines for TB
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our Special Issue focuses on "Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies." This Special Issue will cover all of the topics relevant to plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccine design and development for infectious diseases. While both have been under development since the 1990s, in recent years, mRNA has generated significant excitement despite the licensure of several veterinary DNA vaccines. Currently, the world is grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, and many strategies have been used for the development of the vaccine. Pfizer has already launched an mRNA vaccine for the coronavirus, which has been administered to health care workers in the US and UK. Moderna has also developed a vaccine for COVID-19 based on mRNA. DNA and RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce in large quantities than conventional vaccines. On the other hand, conventional vaccines often use "weakened" or "killed" versions of a virus. This means that laboratories have to produce huge amounts of the virus. They often also include a protein, which is needed to spark a human immune response. However, producing a virus and a viral protein can be time-intensive and expensive. Therefore, this Special Issue will serve as an ideal forum in which scientists can share their latest research findings related to mRNA and plasmid DNA vaccines related to all kinds of diseases.

We are looking forward to your interesting manuscript.

Prof. Dr. Alan Cross
Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 181 KiB  
Editorial
Recent Updates on mRNA Vaccines
by Emily Sydow, Abu Salim Mustafa, Asma Hanif, Javed Tunio and Shumaila Nida Muhammad Hanif
Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081209 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
Messenger RNA has been studied by everyone, from vaccine developers to high school biology students, since the discovery of its isolation in 1961 [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies)

Review

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 250 KiB  
Review
Current Status of HIV-1 Vaccines
by Anna Hargrave, Abu Salim Mustafa, Asma Hanif, Javed H. Tunio and Shumaila Nida M. Hanif
Vaccines 2021, 9(9), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091026 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5323
Abstract
HIV-1 infection and its progression to AIDS remains a significant global health challenge, particularly for low-income countries. Developing a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infections has proven to be immensely challenging with complex biological acquisition and infection, unforeseen clinical trial disappointments, and funding issues. [...] Read more.
HIV-1 infection and its progression to AIDS remains a significant global health challenge, particularly for low-income countries. Developing a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infections has proven to be immensely challenging with complex biological acquisition and infection, unforeseen clinical trial disappointments, and funding issues. This paper discusses important landmarks of progress in HIV-1 vaccine development, various vaccine strategies, and clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies)
16 pages, 2962 KiB  
Review
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from an Immuno-Dermatological Perspective
by Dennis Niebel, Natalija Novak, Jasmin Wilhelmi, Jana Ziob, Dagmar Wilsmann-Theis, Thomas Bieber, Joerg Wenzel and Christine Braegelmann
Vaccines 2021, 9(9), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090944 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 15041
Abstract
(1) Background: Numerous vaccines are under preclinical and clinical development for prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In light of high efficacy rates and satisfactory safety profiles, some agents have already reached approval and are now distributed [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Numerous vaccines are under preclinical and clinical development for prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In light of high efficacy rates and satisfactory safety profiles, some agents have already reached approval and are now distributed worldwide, with varying availability. Real-world data on cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain limited. (2) Methods: We performed a literature research concerning cutaneous ADRs to different COVID-19 vaccines, and incorporated our own experiences. (3) Results: Injection site reactions are the most frequent side effects arising from all vaccine types. Moreover, delayed cutaneous ADRs may occur after several days, either as a primary manifestation or as a flare of a pre-existing inflammatory dermatosis. Cutaneous ADRs may be divided according to their cytokine profile, based on the preponderance of specific T-cell subsets (i.e., Th1, Th2, Th17/22, Tregs). Specific cutaneous ADRs mimic immunogenic reactions to the natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is associated with an abundance of type I interferons. (4) Conclusions: Further studies are required in order to determine the best suitable vaccine type for individual groups of patients, including patients suffering from chronic inflammatory dermatoses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies)
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15 pages, 1160 KiB  
Review
mRNA-Based Vaccines
by Frank Kowalzik, Daniel Schreiner, Christian Jensen, Daniel Teschner, Stephan Gehring and Fred Zepp
Vaccines 2021, 9(4), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040390 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 12411
Abstract
Increases in the world’s population and population density promote the spread of emerging pathogens. Vaccines are the most cost-effective means of preventing this spread. Traditional methods used to identify and produce new vaccines are not adequate, in most instances, to ensure global protection. [...] Read more.
Increases in the world’s population and population density promote the spread of emerging pathogens. Vaccines are the most cost-effective means of preventing this spread. Traditional methods used to identify and produce new vaccines are not adequate, in most instances, to ensure global protection. New technologies are urgently needed to expedite large scale vaccine development. mRNA-based vaccines promise to meet this need. mRNA-based vaccines exhibit a number of potential advantages relative to conventional vaccines, namely they (1) involve neither infectious elements nor a risk of stable integration into the host cell genome; (2) generate humoral and cell-mediated immunity; (3) are well-tolerated by healthy individuals; and (4) are less expensive and produced more rapidly by processes that are readily standardized and scaled-up, improving responsiveness to large emerging outbreaks. Multiple mRNA vaccine platforms have demonstrated efficacy in preventing infectious diseases and treating several types of cancers in humans as well as animal models. This review describes the factors that contribute to maximizing the production of effective mRNA vaccine transcripts and delivery systems, and the clinical applications are discussed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies)
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