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Vaccines
Special Issues
Immune Response and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Immune Response and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 6908

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shumaila Hanif

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pikeville, Coal Building, Office 718, 147 Sycamore Street, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA
Interests: infectious diseases; tuberculosis; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled "Immune Response and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Infection", will cover all topics relevant to the immune response and vaccines for infectious diseases, particularly SARS-CoV-2. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, much research has been conducted on this topic. While mRNA has been studied since the 1990s, in recent years, mRNA has generated significant excitement for human use despite the licensure of several veterinary DNA vaccines. Recently, Pfizer and Moderna launched an mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, which has been administered to people across the globe. DNA and RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce in large quantities than conventional vaccines. On the other hand, conventional vaccines often use "weakened" or "killed" versions of a virus, meaning that laboratories need to produce huge amounts of the virus. They often also include a protein, which is needed to spark a human immune response. However, producing a virus and a viral protein can be time-intensive and expensive. Therefore, this Special Issue will serve as a forum where scientists can share their latest research findings on the immune responses and vaccines related to infectious diseases, particularly SARS-CoV-2. In this Special Issue, original research articles, case studies, editorials, and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune response
  • vaccines
  • infectious diseases
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • COVID-19

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 558 KiB  
Article
Impact of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection on Immunoglobulin-IgG Cross-Reactivity
by Joud Mohammed AlKhalifah, Waleed Seddiq, Mohammed Abdullah Alshehri, Abdulkarim Alhetheel, Ahmed Albarrag, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Mazin Barry
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030552 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to public health and global economies. SARS-CoV-2 has largely affected a vast world population and was declared a COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with a substantial surge of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting all aspects [...] Read more.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to public health and global economies. SARS-CoV-2 has largely affected a vast world population and was declared a COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with a substantial surge of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting all aspects of the virus’ natural course of infection and immunity. The cross-reactivity between the different coronaviruses is still a knowledge gap in the understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections on immunoglobulin-IgG cross-reactivity. Our retrospective cohort study hypothesized the possible reactivation of immunity in individuals with a history of infection to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The total number of participants included was 34; among them, 22 (64.7%) were males, and 12 (35.29%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 40.3 ± 12.9 years. This study compared immunoglobulin (IgG) levels against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV across various groups with various histories of infection. The results showed that a reactive borderline IgG against both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in participants with past infection to both viruses was 40% compared with 37.5% among those with past infection with MERS-CoV alone. Our study results establish that individuals infected with both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV showed higher MERS-CoV IgG levels compared with those of individuals infected previously with MERS-CoV alone and compared with those of individuals in the control. The results further highlight cross-adaptive immunity between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Our study concludes that individuals with previous infections with both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 showed significantly higher MERS-CoV IgG levels compared with those of individuals infected only with MERS-CoV and compared with those of individuals in the control, suggesting cross-adaptive immunity between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Infection)
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Review

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15 pages, 312 KiB  
Review
COVID-19 Vaccination Prioritization Strategies in Malaysia: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Evidence
by Nor Elyzatul Akma Hamdan, Mathumalar Loganathan Fahrni and Antonio Ivan Lazzarino
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010048 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3595
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can cause extreme acute respiratory syndrome has posed a catastrophic threat to public health. The vaccines had indeed restored optimism and, after more than two years of battling the pandemic, there is renewed hope for the transition [...] Read more.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can cause extreme acute respiratory syndrome has posed a catastrophic threat to public health. The vaccines had indeed restored optimism and, after more than two years of battling the pandemic, there is renewed hope for the transition to endemicity. At the start of vaccination efforts, when supply shortages of vaccines were inevitable, every nation determined the high-risk population groups to be given priority for the COVID-19 vaccines. In this paper, the characteristics of the initial COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Malaysia are described. In line with the policies of many other countries, Malaysia firstly inoculated frontline healthcare workers, and subsequently the list of front liners grew to include defense and security personnel and those involved in the provision of essential services. People with disabilities or those with special needs and several underlying medical conditions that increased their risk of developing severe COVID-related illnesses were included in the priority categories. These included patients with severe lung disease, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, neurological disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity in adults, splenic dysfunction, and severe mental illness. With little information and under circumstances of great uncertainty, the Health Ministry of a middle-income country had developed a vaccination priority-list based on the disease’s epidemiology and clinical data, vaccine type, operational considerations, and risk evaluation. Early evidence was presented and suggested that the full vaccination with any of the three predominant vaccines (AZD1222, BNT162b2, and CoronaVac) in the country had been highly effective in preventing COVID-19 infections, COVID-19-related ICU admissions, and death. As many SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC), such as the Omicron BA.2/4/5, are emerging, future vaccination strategies may necessitate the need to change the immunogen of the vaccine, as well as considerations for when to give high-risk groups booster injections. These considerations are valuable for future planning by policymakers and healthcare providers to make vaccination policy and decisions, especially for the inclusion of the COVID-19 vaccines into national immunization programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Infection)
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