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SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease,...
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SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 6063

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Del Riccio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory infections; epidemiology; public health; vaccines; vaccination strategies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. William John Paget
*

Guest Editor
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), 3513 Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; epidemiology
* We dedicate the memory of the editor, William John Paget, who passed away during this special issue period.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Saverio Caini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), 3513 Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory infections; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory viruses are among the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with substantial impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, little is known about the real burden of disease of many infections caused by respiratory viruses. Moreover, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have reported historically low circulation, and whether viruses such as influenza and RSV will have a usual circulation in the future is still uncertain. Finally, the current pandemic has greatly accelerated advances in preventive measure research, especially vaccines, vaccine production, and vaccination strategies.

This Special Issue of Vaccines on “SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures” aims to achieve a more extensive understanding of recent scientific knowledge and current trends around the epidemiology, the burden of disease, and the preventive measures of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Research and review papers, as well as viewpoints, are welcome.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Diseases.

Dr. Marco Del Riccio
Dr. William John Paget
Dr. Saverio Caini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory
  • viruses
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • human influenza
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • vaccines
  • vaccination strategies
  • epidemiology
  • burden of disease

Published Papers (4 papers)

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12 pages, 1131 KiB  
Article
Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Paediatric Population in the Second COVID-19 Pandemic Year
by Conchita Izquierdo, Pilar Ciruela, Núria Soldevila, Juan-Jose Garcia-Garcia, Sebastia Gonzalez-Peris, Alvaro Díaz-Conradi, Belen Viñado, Mariona F de Sevilla, Fernando Moraga-Llop, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Angela Domínguez and Barcino Working Group
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1548; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101548 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 944
Abstract
Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased worldwide in 2020, coinciding with the implementation of measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare demand and IPD in children in 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic period (2018–2019) [...] Read more.
Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased worldwide in 2020, coinciding with the implementation of measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare demand and IPD in children in 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic period (2018–2019) and the early pandemic period (2020) in a study carried out during 2018–2021 in Catalonia. Incidence rates were compared by calculating the incidence rate ratio (IRR), and expressing percentage changes in IRR as (1-IRR)x100. Compared to 2018–2019, emergency room (ER) visits declined by 21% in 2021 (p < 0.001), mainly in the first quarter (−39%), and compared to 2020, ER visits increased by 22% in 2021 (p < 0.001), except in the first quarter. IPD incidence overall was 11.0 in 2018–2019 and 4.6 in 2021 (−58%, p < 0.001); the reduction in incidence was similar in the 0–4 age group and was higher in the first quarters. Compared to 2020, in 2021, IPD incidence decreased during the first quarter (−86%, p < 0.001), but increased from 0.0 to 1.2 in the second quarter (p = 0.02) and from 0.6 to 2.1 (p=0.03) in the fourth quarter. The decreased IPD incidence observed in 2021 compared to 2018–2019 (most especially in the first quarter) was greater than the decrease in healthcare demand and PCR test requests. Compared to 2020, IPD incidence decreased in the first quarter when a second state of alarm was in force. In 2021, compared to 2018–2019, there was a greater reduction in PCV13 serotypes than in non-PCV13 serotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures)
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12 pages, 494 KiB  
Article
Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study of the Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of Mexican Gynecologists and Family Physicians
by Erika Zoe Lopatynsky-Reyes, Enrique Chacon-Cruz, Michael Greenberg, Ralf Clemens and Sue Ann Costa Clemens
Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081383 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Background: Influenza in pregnancy is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccines are safe and effective in pregnancy. There are no Mexican surveys of physicians on knowledge, beliefs, and practices towards influenza and influenza immunization during pregnancy. Methods: A 32-question descriptive survey [...] Read more.
Background: Influenza in pregnancy is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccines are safe and effective in pregnancy. There are no Mexican surveys of physicians on knowledge, beliefs, and practices towards influenza and influenza immunization during pregnancy. Methods: A 32-question descriptive survey was conducted, addressing the general knowledge of influenza as well as beliefs and practices regarding influenza vaccination during pregnancy among Mexican physicians responsible for prenatal care, traditionally Obstetricians (OBGYNs) and Family Physicians (FPs). Results: A total of 206 surveys were available, 98 (47.6%) from OBGYNs and 108 (52.4%) from FPs, representing an estimated 2472 daily pregnancy consultations. In total, 54 of the 206 respondents (26.2%) were not aware that influenza is more severe during pregnancy, 106 of the 206 respondents (51.5%) ignored the potential side effects of influenza infection on the fetus, and 56.8% did not know when to vaccinate pregnant women. Pregnancy as a risk factor for developing influenza complications was only known by 99 of the 206 respondents (48.1%), and 6.1% believed that vaccination does not confer protection to the fetus. Conclusions: The current beliefs of Mexican OBGYNs and FPs for both influenza morbidity and mortality, and the importance of influenza vaccination during pregnancy are suboptimal. The drivers of these beliefs should be assessed to improve influenza vaccination recommendations, as knowledge alone is not sufficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures)
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11 pages, 932 KiB  
Systematic Review
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiological Burden in Pediatric Outpatients in Italy: A Systematic Review
by Sara Boccalini, Benedetta Bonito, Cristina Salvati, Marco Del Riccio, Enrica Stancanelli, Mario Bruschi, Giulia Ionita, Johanna Iamarino, Davide Bentivegna, Primo Buscemi, Giulia Ciardi, Claudia Cosma, Lorenzo Stacchini, Cristiana Conticello, Manjola Bega, Annamaria Schirripa, Sonia Paoli, Lorenzo Bertizzolo, Salvatore Parisi, Francesca Trippi, Paolo Bonanni and Angela Bechiniadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1484; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091484 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a key contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), affecting children aged 0–5 years and often leading to outpatient visits, emergency department utilization, and hospitalization. With the development of hRSV vaccines for mitigation, understanding the epidemiological [...] Read more.
Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a key contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), affecting children aged 0–5 years and often leading to outpatient visits, emergency department utilization, and hospitalization. With the development of hRSV vaccines for mitigation, understanding the epidemiological impact of hRSV infections among 0–5-year-old pediatric outpatients in Italy is crucial. Methods: This systematic review conducted searches on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the International HTA Database, yielding 20,845 English and Italian records from January 2000 to July 2022. Results: Six eligible articles were identified following inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated hRSV-positivity proportions ranging from 18% to 41% in pediatric outpatients with respiratory infections. However, data comparability was hindered by diverse diagnostic approaches, data sources, sample populations, and study designs. Notably, hRSV-positivity showed temporal variability, rising from 23.8% (2001–2002) to 40.6% (2019–2020). This trend could stem from evolving epidemiological factors, heightened clinician awareness in hRSV diagnosis, or more sensitive molecular techniques. Conclusion: As the first review of its kind, this study underscores the need for more comprehensive data to inform effective preventive strategies against hRSV-related burdens in pediatric outpatients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures)
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5 pages, 232 KiB  
Brief Report
SARS-CoV-2 in Namibian Dogs
by Umberto Molini, Lauren M. Coetzee, Tanya Engelbrecht, Lourens de Villiers, Mari de Villiers, Iolanda Mangone, Valentina Curini, Siegfried Khaiseb, Massimo Ancora, Cesare Cammà, Alessio Lorusso and Giovanni Franzo
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2134; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122134 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has focused the attention of researchers, and especially public opinion, on the role of the human-animal-environment interface in disease emergence. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, media reports regarding the role of pets in severe [...] Read more.
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has focused the attention of researchers, and especially public opinion, on the role of the human-animal-environment interface in disease emergence. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, media reports regarding the role of pets in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused significant concern and social anxiety. Although nowadays proven negligible in developed countries, essentially no studies have been performed in low-income African areas where companion animals are often raised differently from high income countries, and the contact patterns occurring in these scenarios could affect the epidemiological scenario. An extensive molecular biology survey was performed from March 2022 to September 2022 on Namibian dogs residing in urban and rural areas, showing a low but not negligible SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (1%; 95CI: 0.33–2.32%) of 5 out of 500. In only one instance (i.e., a 4-year-old female Labrador) was there a clear association that could be established between the infections of the owner and animal. In all other cases, no evidence of human infection could be obtained and no episodes of COVID-19 were reported by the owners. Although no consistent evidence of pet-to-pet transmission was proven in the present study, a cautionary principle suggests intensive and dedicated investigation into companion animal populations, especially when animal contact is frequent and a particularly susceptible population is present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures)
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