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Vaccines
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Veterinary Vaccines
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Veterinary Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 11559

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Silvana Beutinger Marchioro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto De Ciências Da Saúde, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, Brazil
Interests: reverse vaccinology; veterinary vaccines; recombinant proteins
Dr. Sibele Borsuk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010610, Brazil
Interests: reverse vaccinology; veterinary vaccines; recombinant proteins; biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of veterinary vaccination has seen many significant advances in technologies over the past years, with the introduction of several vaccines based on novel recombinant DNA technology. In addition, improved knowledge of immune response mechanisms has brought successes in the development of vaccines that protect against challenging pathogens. Such vaccines have been successfully used to address many of the important veterinary and human diseases. With the current interest in One Health approaches to humans, animals, and the environment, veterinary vaccines have an important role to play in the development of further vaccine technologies.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent vaccination strategies that are now available and in development to the veterinary research worker. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Traditional vaccine technologies based on killed/inactivated and live/attenuated approaches;
  • Live vectored vaccines;
  • Modified live marker/differentiating infection in vaccinated animals;
  • Recombinant subunit and protein vaccines;
  • Peptide vaccines;
  • Nucleic acid vaccines.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
Dr. Sibele Borsuk
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • animals
  • inactivated
  • attenuated
  • DIVA
  • subunit
  • peptide
  • vector
  • nucleic acid

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2652 KiB  
Article
Oral Immunization with Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing Viral Capsid Protein 2 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Induces Unique Specific Antibodies and Protective Immunity
by Huliang Li, Deping Hua, Qingxia Qu, Hongwei Cao, Zhehan Feng, Na Liu, Jinhai Huang and Lei Zhang
Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1849; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121849 - 14 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), as a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease, causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an appealing vehicle used in oral vaccine formulations to safely and effectively deliver heterologous antigens. It can elicit systemic and mucosal [...] Read more.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), as a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease, causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an appealing vehicle used in oral vaccine formulations to safely and effectively deliver heterologous antigens. It can elicit systemic and mucosal responses. This study aims to explore the potential as oral an vaccine for S. cerevisiae expressing the capsid protein VP2 of IBDV. We constructed the recombinant S. cerevisiae, demonstrated that VP2 was displayed on the cell surface and had high immunoreactivity. By using the live ST1814G/Aga2-VP2 strain to immunize the mice, the results showed that recombinant S. cerevisiae significantly increased specific IgG and sIgA antibody titers, indicating the potential efficacy of vaccine-induced protection. These results suggested that the VP2 protein-expressing recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was a promising candidate oral subunit vaccine to prevent IBDV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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14 pages, 4290 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Brucella abortus Mutant A19mut2, a Potential DIVA Vaccine Candidate with a Modification on Lipopolysaccharide
by Hosny Ahmed Abdelgawad, Zhengmin Lian, Yi Yin, Tian Fang, Mingxing Tian and Shengqing Yu
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1273; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071273 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1328
Abstract
Background: Brucella abortus is the main causative agent for bovine brucellosis. B. abortus A19 is a widely used vaccine strain to protect cows from Brucella infection in China. However, A19 has a similar lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen to that of the field virulent Brucella [...] Read more.
Background: Brucella abortus is the main causative agent for bovine brucellosis. B. abortus A19 is a widely used vaccine strain to protect cows from Brucella infection in China. However, A19 has a similar lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen to that of the field virulent Brucella strain, whose immunization interferes with the serodiagnosis of vaccinated and infected animals. [Aim] To develop a novel Brucella DIVA vaccine candidate. Study design and methods: The B. abortus mutant A19mut2 with the formyltransferase gene wbkC is replaced by an acetyltransferase gene wbdR from E. coli O157 using the bacterial homologous recombination technique, generating a modified O-polysaccharide that cannot induce antibodies in mice against wild-type Brucella LPS. The biological phenotypes of the A19mut2 were assessed using a growth curve analysis, agglutination tests, Western blotting, and stress resistance assays. Histopathological changes and bacterial colonization in the spleens of vaccinated mice were investigated to assess the residual virulence and protection of the A19mut2. Humoral and cellular immunity was evaluated by measuring the levels of IgG, IgG subtypes, and the release of cytokines IFN-γ and IL10 in the splenocytes of the vaccinated mice. ELISA coated with wild-type LPS can distinguish mouse antibodies induced by A19 and A19mut2 immunization. Results: The A19mut2 showed a decreased residual virulence in mice, compared to the A19 strain, but induced significant humoral and cellular immune responses, as the A19 immunization did. The protection efficacy of A19mut2 immunization against B. abortus S2308 NalR infection was similar to that of A19 immunization. Conclusion: The A19mut2 has potential as a novel DIVA vaccine candidate in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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13 pages, 2748 KiB  
Article
A Booster with a Genotype-Matched Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Vaccine Candidate Provides Better Protection against a Virulent Genotype XIII.2 Virus
by Ismail Hossain, Jannatul Ferdous Subarna, Congriev Kumar Kabiraj, Jahan Ara Begum, Rokshana Parvin, Mathias Martins, Diego G. Diel, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Mohammed Nooruzzaman
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11051005 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2679
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used [...] Read more.
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used in Bangladesh under different vaccination regimens. Despite these vaccinations, frequent outbreaks of ND are being reported in Bangladesh. Here we compared the efficacy of booster immunization with three different vaccines in chickens that had been primed with two doses of live LaSota vaccine. A total of 30 birds (Group A) were primed with two doses of live LaSota virus (genotype II) vaccine at days 7 and 28, while 20 birds (Group B) remained unvaccinated. At day 60, birds of Group A were divided into three sub-groups, which received booster immunizations with three different vaccines; A1: live LaSota vaccine, A2: inactivated LaSota vaccine, and A3: inactivated genotype XIII.2 vaccine (BD-C161/2010 strain from Bangladesh). Two weeks after booster vaccination (at day 74), all vaccinated birds (A1–A3) and half of the unvaccinated birds (B1) were challenged with a genotype XIII.2 virulent NDV (BD-C161/2010). A moderate antibody response was observed after the primary vaccination, which substantially increased after the booster vaccination in all groups. The mean HI titers induced by the inactivated LaSota vaccine (8.0 log2/5.0 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) and the inactivated BD-C161/2010 vaccine (6.7 log2/6.2 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) were significantly higher than those induced by the LaSota live booster vaccine (3.6 log2/2.6 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen). Despite the differences in the antibody titers, all chickens (A1–A3) survived the virulent NDV challenge, while all the unvaccinated challenged birds died. Among the vaccinated groups, however, 50% of the chickens in Group A1 (live LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 5- and 7-days post challenge (dpc), while 20% and 10% of the chickens in Group A2 (inactivated LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 3 and 5 dpc, respectively, and only one chicken (10%) in Group A3 shed virus at 5 dpc. In conclusion, the genotype-matched inactivated NDV booster vaccine offers complete clinical protection and a significant reduction in virus shedding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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15 pages, 1753 KiB  
Article
Cross-Protection of an Inactivated and a Live-Attenuated Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Vaccine against Sheeppox Virus Infections in Sheep
by Janika Wolff, Martin Beer and Bernd Hoffmann
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040763 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV) (genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae) infections are a highly virulent and contagious disease of sheep with a high morbidity and mortality, especially in naïve populations and young animals. For the control of SPPV, homologous and heterologous live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available. [...] Read more.
Sheeppox virus (SPPV) (genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae) infections are a highly virulent and contagious disease of sheep with a high morbidity and mortality, especially in naïve populations and young animals. For the control of SPPV, homologous and heterologous live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available. In our study, we compared a commercially available live-attenuated lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) vaccine strain (Lumpyvax) with our recently developed inactivated LSDV vaccine candidate regarding their protective efficacy against SPPV in sheep. Both vaccines were proven to be safe in sheep, and neither clinical signs nor viremia could be detected after vaccination and challenge infection. However, the local replication of the challenge virus in the nasal mucosa of previously vaccinated animals was observed. Because of the advantages of an inactivated vaccine and its heterologous protection efficacy against SPPV in sheep, our inactivated LSDV vaccine candidate is a promising additional tool for the prevention and control of SPPV outbreaks in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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10 pages, 1638 KiB  
Communication
Evaluation of the Association of Recombinant Proteins NanH and PknG from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Using Different Adjuvants as a Recombinant Vaccine in Mice
by Nicole Ramos Scholl, Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva, Tallyson Nogueira Barbosa, Rodrigo Barros de Pinho, Mirna Samara Dié Alves, Ricardo Wagner Portela, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo and Sibele Borsuk
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030519 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1155
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic contagious disease that causes economic losses worldwide. Treatments are ineffective, thus demonstrating the importance of vaccination. In this study, rNanH and rPknG proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were associated with saponin or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. Three experimental groups (10 [...] Read more.
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic contagious disease that causes economic losses worldwide. Treatments are ineffective, thus demonstrating the importance of vaccination. In this study, rNanH and rPknG proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were associated with saponin or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. Three experimental groups (10 animals each) were immunized with sterile 0.9% saline solution (G1), rNanH + rPknG + Saponin (G2), rNanH + rPknG + Al(OH)3 (G3). The mice received two vaccine doses 21 days apart. Animals were challenged 21 days after the last immunization and evaluated for 50 days, with endpoint criteria applied when needed. The total IgG production levels of the experimental groups increased significantly on day 42 when compared to the control (p < 0.05). When tested against rNanH, G2 had a better rate of anti-rNanH antibodies compared to G3. In the anti-rPknG ELISA, the levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies were higher in G2. The vaccines generated partial protection, with 40% of the animals surviving the challenge. The association of recombinant NanH and PknG proteins led to promising protection rates in mice, and although using different adjuvants did not interfere with the survival rate, it influenced the immune response generated by the vaccine formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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13 pages, 1088 KiB  
Article
A Vaccine Targeting Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoprotein B Protects against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever
by Cristina W. Cunha, Katherine N. Baker, Donal O’Toole, Emily Cole, Smriti Shringi, Benjamin G. Dewals, Alain Vanderplasschen and Hong Li
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122156 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a complex and often fatal disease of ungulates. Effective vaccines are needed to avoid MCF outbreaks and mitigate losses. This study aimed to evaluate a sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) vaccine candidate targeting ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) glycoprotein B (gB). [...] Read more.
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a complex and often fatal disease of ungulates. Effective vaccines are needed to avoid MCF outbreaks and mitigate losses. This study aimed to evaluate a sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) vaccine candidate targeting ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) glycoprotein B (gB). Rabbits were used as a laboratory animal model to test the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a chimeric virus consisting of a recombinant, non-pathogenic strain of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 encoding OvHV-2 ORF8 to express gB (AlHV-1∆ORF73/OvHV-2-ORF8). Viral-vectored immunizations were performed by using the AlHV-1∆ORF73/OvHV-2-ORF8 chimera alone or as a DNA prime (OvHV-2-ORF8)-virus boost regimen. The viral vector was inoculated by intravenous or intramuscular routes and the DNA was delivered by intradermal shots using a gene gun. The vaccine candidates were deemed safe as no clinical signs were observed following any of the immunizations. Anti-OvHV-2 gB antibodies with neutralizing activity were induced by all immunogens. At three weeks post-final immunization, all animals were challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of OvHV-2. MCF protection rates ranging from 66.7% to 71.4% were observed in vaccinated rabbits, while all mock-vaccinated animals developed the disease. The significant protective efficacy obtained with the vaccine platforms tested in this study encourages further trials in relevant livestock species, such as cattle and bison. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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8 pages, 1287 KiB  
Brief Report
Cross-Neutralization between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Types 1 and 2 after Vaccination with a BVDV-1a Modified-Live-Vaccine
by Geromine Grange, Marie Mindeguia, Philippe Gisbert and Gilles Meyer
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071204 - 05 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) involves removing persistently infected animals from the herd, ensuring the biosecurity level of the farms and vaccination for the prevention of fetal infection. Given pestiviruses high genetic and antigenic diversities, [...] Read more.
Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) involves removing persistently infected animals from the herd, ensuring the biosecurity level of the farms and vaccination for the prevention of fetal infection. Given pestiviruses high genetic and antigenic diversities, one challenge for a BVDV vaccine is to provide the broadest possible heterologous protection against most genotypes and sub-genotypes. The Modified-Live Mucosiffa® vaccine, which contains the BVDV-1 sub-genotype 1a (BVDV-1a) cytopathic Oregon C24 strain, was shown to protect fetuses of pregnant heifers against a challenge with a BVDV-1f Han strain. In this study, we tested the cross-neutralizing antibody (NA) response of 9 heifers at 28, 203- and 363-days post-vaccination with Mucosiffa® against recent and circulating European strains of BVDV-1a, -1b, -1e, -1f and BVDV-2a. We showed that Mucosiffa® vaccination generates a stable over time NA response against all BVDV strains. NA response was greater against BVDV-1a and -1b, with no significant differences between these sub-genotypes. Interestingly the NA response against the two BVDV-2a strains was similar to that observed against the BVDV-1f Han strain, which was the challenge strain used in fetal protection studies to validate the Mucosiffa® vaccine. These results suggest that Mucosiffa® vaccination provides humoral cross-immunity, which may protect against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2a infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines)
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