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Vaccines
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Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccines Developments
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Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccines Developments

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 June 2023) | Viewed by 5328

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Katherine Pflaum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
Interests: foot-and-mouth disease virus; safer foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine; virus–host interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wilna Vosloo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO-Health & Biosecurity, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
Interests: novel vaccines; improved stability; alternative routes of immunisation and resulting immune responses; correlates of protection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV outbreaks cause significant and devastating economic impacts worldwide. The most effective and widely accepted way to respond to outbreaks is through the use of chemically inactivated vaccination of domestic livestock. However, these inactivated vaccines are slow-acting and do not always permit a distinction between infected and vaccinated animals. Therefore, it is essential to develop new rapid vaccines and control strategies that could confer early protection and rapidly stop disease spread.

This Special Issue will cover the FMDV determinant of replication and pathogenesis and how this information facilitates next-generation FMDV vaccine and biotherapeutic developments. We particularly encourage the submission of manuscripts focused on improved control strategies addressing important gaps in the current inactivated FMDV vaccine including, but not limited to, duration of immunity, cross-reactivity, correlates of protection, early protection, antigen load, immunization responses, and safer marker vaccines.

Dr. Katherine Pflaum
Dr. Wilna Vosloo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • vaccine
  • infection and immunity
  • next-generation FMDV vaccines
  • cellular and humoral immunity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Type O and A Vaccine Antigens on a Pilot Scale and Determination of Optimal Amount of Antigen for Monovalent Vaccines
by Jae Young Kim, Ji-Hye Lee, Jong Min Yang, Seo-Yong Lee, Sun Young Park, Jong Sook Jin, Dohyun Kim, Jung-Won Park, Jong-Hyeon Park, Sang Hyun Park and Young-Joon Ko
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071156 - 26 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1597
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The Type O PanAsia-2 (O PA-2) vaccine strain is protective against a wide range of serotype O FMD virus (FMDV) strains in East [...] Read more.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The Type O PanAsia-2 (O PA-2) vaccine strain is protective against a wide range of serotype O FMD virus (FMDV) strains in East Asia, and A22 Iraq/24/64 (A22 IRQ) is the most widely used vaccine strain in FMD vaccine antigen banks. The aim of this study was to produce antigens from O PA-2 and A22 IRQ viruses using a 100 L bioreactor and evaluate the protective efficacy of varying antigen concentrations in pigs. More than 2 μg/mL of the antigen was recovered from the O PA-2 and A22 IRQ virus-infected supernatants. Further, inactivation of O PA-2 and A22 IRQ by binary ethyleneimine revealed that the viral titers decreased below 10−7 TCID50/mL within 13 h and 9 h, respectively. The O PA-2 and A22 IRQ vaccines, containing 10 μg and 5 μg of antigen, respectively, provided protection against homologous viruses in pigs. This is the first report demonstrating that the antigens obtained from the pilot-scale production of O PA-2 and A22 IRQ are viable candidate vaccines. These results will pave the way for industrial-scale FMD vaccine production in South Korea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccines Developments)
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12 pages, 4097 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity and Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Intradermally Vaccinated with a Bivalent Vaccine of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O and A
by Dong-Wan Kim, Giyoun Cho, Hyejin Kim, Gyeongmin Lee, Tae-Gwan Lim, Ho-Young Kwak, Jong-Hyeon Park and Sung-Han Park
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040815 - 07 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Following the worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals caused by the FMD virus, from November 2010–April 2011, the Korean government enforced a mandatory vaccination policy. A bivalent (FMD type O and A; O + A) vaccine [...] Read more.
Following the worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals caused by the FMD virus, from November 2010–April 2011, the Korean government enforced a mandatory vaccination policy. A bivalent (FMD type O and A; O + A) vaccine has been recently implemented. Although the FMD outbreak was suppressed by vaccination, the intramuscular (IM) injection presents side effects. Therefore, improving FMD vaccine quality is necessary. Here, we investigated the side effects and immune efficacy of the O + A bivalent vaccine using two different routes of administration: intradermal (ID) and IM. To compare the immune efficacy of the two inoculation routes, virus neutralization titers and structural protein (antigen) levels were measured. The protective efficacy of ID vaccines was confirmed using two viruses (FMDV O/AS/SKR/2019 and A/GP/SKR/2018) isolated in the Republic of Korea. Serological analysis revealed that both animals administered by ID and IM injections exhibited equal immune efficacy. A virus challenge test in the target animal (swine) revealed no (or extremely low) clinical symptoms. Swine in the ID injected group exhibited no side effects. In conclusion, we suggest that the ID route of vaccination is an effective alternative to the existing IM route, which is associated with more frequent side effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccines Developments)
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11 pages, 2402 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of DNA Vaccine Candidates against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle
by Michael Puckette, Benjamin A. Clark, José Barrera, John G. Neilan and Max V. Rasmussen
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020386 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
We evaluated four DNA vaccine candidates for their ability to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and elicit a protective immune response against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle. Two traditional DNA plasmids and two DNA minicircle constructs were evaluated. Both the pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid [...] Read more.
We evaluated four DNA vaccine candidates for their ability to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and elicit a protective immune response against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle. Two traditional DNA plasmids and two DNA minicircle constructs were evaluated. Both the pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid and O1P1-3C minicircle encoded a wild-type FMDV 3C protease to process the P1-2A polypeptide, whereas the O1P1-HIV-3CT minicircle used an HIV-1 ribosomal frameshift to down-regulate expression of a mutant 3C protease. A modified pTarget plasmid with a reduced backbone size, mpTarget O1P1-3CLT, used a 3C protease containing two mutations reported to enhance expression. All constructs produced mature FMDV P1 cleavage products in transfected cells, as seen by western blot analysis. Three constructs, O1P1-3C minicircles, pTarget O1P1-3C, and mpTarget O1P1-3CLT plasmids, produced intracellular VLP crystalline arrays detected by electron microscopy. Despite VLP formation in vitro, none of the DNA vaccine candidates elicited protection from clinical disease when administered independently. Administration of pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid enhanced neutralizing antibody titers when used as a priming dose prior to administration of a conditionally licensed adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccine. Further work is needed to develop these DNA plasmid-based constructs into standalone FMD vaccines in cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccines Developments)
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